Abstract: Based on Marx’ s theory of the relationship between man and nature, the modernization thought of harmonious coexistence between man and nature criticizes the realization path of western modernization and the crisis of human existence caused by it, and opens up the non-western modernization thought, which is the modernization thought with China characteristics. Building a harmonious and symbiotic modernization between man and nature is the practical direction and requirement for what modernization is and how to enter it in the new era. The modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature meets people’ s yearning for a better life through ecological productivity and green development, and finally realizes ecological civilization, which is the modernization of people first and ecological priority.