Abstract: This article calculated China’ s agricultural carbon emissions from 2013 to 2022 based on four major agricultural carbon emission sources: agricultural energy utilization, agricultural material input, rice cultivation, and livestock and poultry breeding. The LMDI model was used to decompose the influencing factors of China’ s agricultural carbon emissions. The results showed that, from 2013 to 2022, China’ s agricultural carbon emissions showed a fluctuating downward trend, and the carbon emission intensity showed a continuous downward trend. The total amount and intensity of agricultural carbon emissions showed significant inter provincial differences. The factor of agricultural production efficiency could effectively suppress agricultural carbon emissions, and the factor of rural economic development was the main factor leading to the increase of agricultural carbon emissions in China, and it was the only positive driving factor for the increase of carbon emissions among various decomposition variables. Furthermore, it was proposed that, reducing agricultural carbon emissions and promoting high-quality agricultural development should be promoted through collaborative efforts such as promoting agricultural technology, accelerating agricultural and rural environmental governance, and guiding inter provincial emission reduction interactions.