Abstract: The empowerment of female family decision-making is an important factor affecting the allocation and accumulation of family wealth under the background of the rise of “her” power and the changing family decision-making mode. Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), linear regression model and Tobit model were constructed to empirically analyze the impact of female family decision-making empowerment on rural household wealth accumulation and appreciation. The research showed that: First, women’ s empowerment behavior in family decision-making had a significant negative impact on rural family wealth accumulation. Second, the mechanism analysis showed that the decision-making mode dominated by women would have a significant negative impact on household income, household fixed assets and household financial assets, and the positive impact of female family decision-making level on non-property debts was more significant. Thirdly, heterogeneity analysis showed that older women’ s decisiveness in family decision-making would hinder the accumulation and appreciation of rural family wealth to a greater extent, and the empowerment of female family decision-making was more unfavorable to rural families engaged in agricultural production. Based on the research results, this paper put forward some suggestions on improving the quality of rural women’ s human capital and strengthening financial support to agriculture.