Abstract: The assessment of farmland safety is of great significance for ensuring regional food security. Using relevant data from 1999 to 2022, the weighted TOPSIS method, the obstacle factor diagnostic model, and spatial autocorrelation were used to evaluate the farmland safety in Anhui Province from the perspective of time and space. The results showed that, the overall farmland safety index in the province was on the rise, transitioning from critically safe to relatively safe. Specifically, the quantity safety showed a slow decline, while the quality safety grew rapidly, ecological safety fluctuated downward, and input safety steadily increased. In terms of obstacles, ecological safety and input safety were the main issues. The indicators ranked high in farmland safety obstacles include agricultural labor force, pesticide use per hectare, per capita arable land area, proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, and total agricultural machinery power. The farmland safety in the urban areas could be categorized into three states: relatively unsafe, critical safety, and relatively safe, presenting a distribution pattern of three belt-shaped regions running from northeast to southwest. The farmland safety levels in each city exhibited certain characteristics of high and low value aggregation. In order to improve the overall farmland safety level in the province, measures such as transforming farmland use, strengthening ecological governance, and optimizing agricultural production layout should be taken.