Abstract: As an important task and key problem of Chinese modernization, the modernization of rural governance is not only a booster of rural revitalization, but also a powerful force for comprehensively realizing socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Promoting rural governance in the process of Chinese modernization contains important times value, which is conducive to promoting the resolution of the main social contradictions in China, promoting the high-quality development of the rural economy, comprehensively improving the level of rural social governance, and promoting the common prosperity of all the people. At present, the modernization of rural governance is still faced with such realistic difficulties as imperfect governance system, lack of resources, imperfect talent team and poor cultural environment. Therefore, in order to comprehensively promote the modernization of Chinese rural governance, we must adhere to the correct response to various difficulties and challenges on the way forward under the leadership of the Party, and take improving the governance system to consolidate the institutional premise, increasing resource investment to consolidate the material foundation, cultivating professional talents to enhance intellectual support, and attaching importance to cultural construction to consolidate the spiritual pillar as the practical path, so as to contribute to the realization of Chinese modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.