Abstract: Trying to find the reasons of the coupling between small farmer organization and agricultural production trusteeship organization and the influence of trusteeship organization difference on organization coupling, the organization ecology theory was used to analyze the coupling of the two organizations, and the coupling of the two organizations was analyzed through the research results of the national agricultural socialization service in Anhui Province. It was found that, specialized farmers’ cooperatives and agricultural enterprises could couple with small farmers effectively in agricultural production trusteeship. Cooperatives could achieve direct coupling with small farmers through rural social networks, and the coupling mode changes with the service distance, and the coupling degree was relatively high. And agricultural enterprises needed make indirect coupling with small farmers with the help of intermediary organizations, such as rural collective economic organizations, and the coupling degree with small farmers was relatively low. However, they had the advantages of modern agricultural equipment and technology, which could effectively empower agricultural production. And the service area covered a wide range of objects and had a relatively low coupling degree with small farmers. To promote agricultural modernization through agricultural production trusteeship, it was necessary to accelerate the cultivation of local trusteeship service subjects, guide high-quality capital to empower agricultural production, give full play to the intermediary function of village collective economic organizations, and establish and improve the interest connection mechanism between small farmers and trusteeship service subjects.