Abstract: This paper focused on traditional villages in Yunnan Province, utilizing spatial distribution data from 708 villages listed in the first to fifth batches of China’ s Traditional Village Directory. Various analytical methods, including nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, and geographically weighted regression models, were employed using GIS software to analyze the distribution of traditional villages and the factors influencing this distribution. The research findings were as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province generally exhibited a pattern characterized by “large dispersion, small agglomeration” . (2) The spatial distribution structure of villages evolved over time, transitioning from dispersion to concentration, and progressively strengthening agglomeration in core areas as the selection time progresses. (3) Among the analyzed influencing factors, natural geographic elements had a more direct impact on the distribution of traditional villages. (4) Within the realm of socio-economic factors, the impact of transportation location was notably significant and exhibits an inverse correlation with transportation accessibility. (5) Regions with a higher proportion of a single ethnic group among the ethnic minority population tended to exhibit a higher level of agglomeration of traditional villages.