Abstract: Based on the provincial data from 1980 to 2020, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of grain production in Anhui Province, used spatial autocorrelation to study the spatial correlation of grain in Anhui counties, and used the center of gravity migration model and panel regression model to clarify the migration paths and influencing factors of grain production, so as to characterize the changes of spatial patterns.The results showed that, the total grain production in Anhui Province was improving, and the status of rice and wheat as the main grains remained unshaken, while corn gradually became one of the main grains; the spatial agglomeration of grain production in Anhui Province had strengthened, forming a spatial pattern of “high in the north and low in the south” ; the center of gravity of grain production in Anhui Province had moved northward, and the center of gravity of rice, wheat and corn production had moved northward, southeast and southwest. Grain production was affected by multiple factors, of which cumulative temperature, average land value of agricultural production, average land value of fertilizer, average land value of pesticides, and hours of sunshine were the main factors.Therefore, it was recommended to focus on resource optimization in the high-value concentration area of grain production in northern Anhui Province, and to develop measures to cope with climate change, increase scientific and technological investment, and strengthen regional coordinated development to improve the efficiency and quality of grain production in Anhui Province.