Abstract: From the perspective of “entropy theory” , this paper used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis ( fsQCA ) to conduct empirical analysis on the case data formed by 1178 questionnaires collected in Yunnan Province, and discussed the important influencing factors and effective realization paths of the development of new rural collective economy in underdeveloped areas in western China. The empirical analysis showed that, the most important factors affecting the development of new rural collective economy in this part of the region were inward driving and market operation, while the influence of outward joint was limited. There were three types of effective implementation paths : internal governance type, internal and external linkage type and comprehensive linkage type. Its development path was diverse, referential and complex. We should pay attention to strengthening the linkage matching between elements and seeking different combinations of multiple elements, and learn from excellent typical practices. At the same time, we should pay attention to choose the development path carefully according to our own situation.