Abstract: Taking WL village in central China as an example, this paper traced and observed the practical process of new county elites’ participation in rural revitalization, and analyzed the sustainable dilemma and its causes of new county elites’ participation in rural revitalization. The study found that: this kind of sustainable dilemma was characterized by the decline of new county elites’ willingness to participate, the decrease of participation matters, and the failure to achieve a sustainable positive impact; The lack of stable and close connection between new county elites and villages and the deviation in their cognition of participating in rural revitalization were the main factors leading to the dilemma of sustainable development; The lack of support and affirmation of the grass-roots government, the two village committees and the villagers was the situational factor leading to the sustainable dilemma. In order to promote the long-term participation of new county elites in rural revitalization, it is necessary to establish a more inclusive organizational structure and diversified incentive mechanism of new county elites, straighten out the relationship between grass-roots governments, two village committees and new county elites organization, vigorously promote the construction of new county elites’ culture and consolidate the social foundation of new county elites’ participation.