Abstract: This paper theoretically expounded the relationship between ambidextrous learning and its dimensions (including exploratory learning and exploitative learning), sustainable competitive advantage of agricultural enterprises, and examined the moderating effects of environmental dynamics and environmental competitiveness, and took 221 agricultural enterprises as research samples for empirical research. The results showed that, ambidextrous learning and its two dimensions (exploratory learning and exploitative learning) were positively correlated with sustainable competitive advantage. Environmental dynamics and environmental competitiveness played a positive regulatory role between ambidextrous learning and sustainable competitive advantage.