Abstract: Based on the yearbook data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, excluding HongKong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet) in China from 2007 to 2020, the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method was used to measure the total agricultural carbon emissions of each province, and the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural carbon emissions in China was studied by constructing a moderated mediation effect model, and the following conclusions were drawn: Agricultural insurance promoted the total agricultural carbon emissions; Agricultural technological progress had a significant mediating effect in the process of agricultural insurance affecting agricultural carbon emissions, which was manifested in the fact that agricultural insurance promotes agricultural technological progress, while agricultural technological progress inhibited agricultural carbon emissions; Agricultural human capital had a significant moderating effect in this intermediary model, which could strengthen the inhibitory effect of agricultural technological progress on agricultural carbon emissions. Based on the study, the following suggestions were made: Increasing agricultural insurance subsidies for agricultural producers with good emission reduction effects; Designing and promoting green agricultural insurance; Strengthening the education and development of agricultural human capital.