Abstract: Based on the fixed observation point survey data of the national sweet potato industrial technology system in 2021, the two-stage Bootstrap-DEA and unilateral truncated regression method were used to measure the sweet potato production efficiency of specialized sweet potato planting cooperatives. The results showed that: Firstly, the scale efficiency of professional sweet potato planting cooperatives was relatively high, while the technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency were low, indicating that the scale effect brought by cooperatives was relatively significant, but there were great constraints on the improvement of management level and production technology. Secondly, the personal characteristics of the leaders of cooperatives had a significant positive impact on the production efficiency. The number of members of cooperatives, they enjoy preferential policies of the government, and the ratio of return to trading volume had a certain promoting effect on the production efficiency, while the main decision-making body of major affairs was the chairman, which had an inhibiting effect on the production efficiency. According to the results of empirical analysis, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to promote the development of sweet potato cooperatives.