Abstract: China has long attached great importance to food security. In order to deeply study the farmers ’ willingness to grow grain and its influencing factors, this paper taked Hebei Province, one of the major grain growing provinces in North China, as the research object, conducted a questionnaire survey on farmers in the province, and established a SEM model for analysis. The results showed that the factors that affect farmers ’ willingness to grow grain include policy, income and cost, and the degree of their effect decreases in turn. Among them, the impact of policy and income was positive and the cost was negative. From the relationship between various factors, the cost had a negative impact on the income. The policy helped to reduce the cost, while the positive impact of policy on the income was relatively small. On the basis of the above research, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, including further improving agricultural related policies, protecting land resources, upgrading technology and increasing farmers ’ income from grain planting.