Abstract: Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the green development of agriculture is an important part of rural revitalization, but the influence of the income gap between urban and rural areas on agricultural green total factor productivity is not yet clear. Based on the provincial panel data from 2005 to 2019, this paper empirically tested the influence and mechanism of urban-rural income gap on agricultural green total factor productivity. The results show that: urban-rural income gap significantly inhibited the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity; The internal mechanism analysis showed that the transfer of rural labor force would positively adjust the negative correlation between them, while the income of rural residents would negatively adjust the negative correlation between them. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the negative relationship between urban-rural income gap and agricultural green total factor productivity was more obvious in the central and western regions.