Abstract: Based on the inter-provincial panel data of 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2019, this paper uses empirical analysis methods such as fixed effect, mediating effect and threshold effect, explores the effect of digital economy on common prosperity and its mechanism. The results show that:（1）On the whole, the digital economic development to promote the realization of common prosperity, but the influence degree and significant heterogeneity exists region, in eastern and central parts of the digital economy is significant to promote the realization of common prosperity, and the influence degree of the central region is greater than the eastern region, and in the west and northeast China digital economy no significant positive influence on common prosperity;（2）There is a mediating effect and a threshold effect of rural entrepreneurship in the mechanism of digital economy on common prosperity, that is, digital economy will promote common prosperity through rural entrepreneurship, and when rural entrepreneurship crosses the threshold value, the promoting effect of digital economy on common prosperity is more significant. Therefore, we should strengthen regional coordinated development, strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, give full play to the rural entrepreneurship and hematopoietic function, and promote common prosperity to achieve tangible progress.