Abstract: With the accelerating pace of rural infrastructure construction, some areas appear the phenomenon of rural infrastructure “only building and ignoring” or “rebuilding and neglecting management” , which is not conducive to the development of rural social economy. In this paper, 169 rural households in Pingliang City, Gansu Province were selected as the survey objects. By constructing a binary logistic regression model, the influencing factors of rural households’ participation in rural infrastructure management and care were empirically analyzed. The results show that: the gender of the respondents has a significant negative impact on the participation of rural infrastructure management and care; The frequency of case one discussion activities, the transparency of public expenditure, the degree of peasant households’ trust in their neighbors, the degree of unity within the village and the village collective organization mobilization have significant positive effects on peasant households’ participation in rural infrastructure management and care. On this basis, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote farmers’ participation in rural infrastructure management and care: （1）strengthen publicity efforts to enhance farmers’ awareness of participation in management and care; （2）Improve the system of grassroots work and improve the level of village governance; （3）Improve the self-organization ability of villages and promote the sustainable development of management and nursing.