Abstract: Promoting common prosperity with the new rural collective economy is a new proposition put forward by the CPC Central Committee, but how to promote it has become an urgent problem to be studied. Based on the countryside, farmers, urban and rural areas, theoretically explain the internal logic of the new rural collective economy to promote common prosperity. In practice, use the case study of P City in northern Zhejiang Province to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical logic, and analyze the effective conditions to promote the formation of relationships: stimulating the development momentum of Touyan under the leadership of the Party building is the fundamental guarantee, activating idle inefficient resources under the market mechanism is the fundamental focus, and playing the role of villagers as the main body through cooperative development is the fundamental strength, Expanding the scope of beneficiary groups through revenue sharing is the fundamental starting point and foothold. Based on the consideration of universalizing the effective practices formed by specific subjects and realizing the new rural collective economy to promote common prosperity more effectively, this paper puts forward rethinking from the aspects of continuous income increase of the village collective economy, villagers’ prosperity and low-income groups’ ability to increase income.