Abstract: Taking the land use remote sensing data of 2000, 2010 and 2020 as the data source, based on GIS, Frag-stats and other related analysis software, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use in Hefei City were revealed by constructing the landscape ecological risk assessment model, and the spatio-temporal evolution law and spatial correlation of landscape ecological risk were described. The results show that: （1）The land use pattern of Hefei City changed significantly during the study period, and largescale expansion of construction land occupied a large number of cultivated land; （2）The landscape ecological risk of Hefei City in the study area was mainly low risk and medium risk, and the high risk area was concentrated in the inland water area; （3）The landscape ecological risk in the study area showed a significantly positive spatial relationship,The high-high clustering was concentrated near ChaohuLake Basin, and the low-low clustering was mainly concentrated in a small part of Baohe District, Yaohai District and Feidong County. Landscape ecological risk assessment is the scientific basis to identify the impact of human activities on the ecosystem. Land use pattern is the core element to realize the harmony of humanland relationship. Strengthening the study of landscape ecological risk under the background of rapid economic development has important practical significance for coupling humanland relationship and balancing land use and ecosystem balance.