Abstract: Agricultural scientific and technology innovation is a key part of the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology, and is an important support for promoting the development of modern agriculture in the country. Based on the panel data of 16 cities from 2011 to 2020 in Anhui Province, this paper mainly used the entropy right method to measure the comprehensive development level of agricultural scientific and technological innovation and agricultural modernization, and used the coupling coordination degree model to calculate the coordinated development index of the two major systems. The results show that the comprehensive development level of agricultural science and technology innovation and agricultural modernization in Anhui Province shows a continuous upward trend, and the degree of coupling and coordination is constantly improving, but after 2013, there is a situation where agricultural science and technology innovation lags slightly behind the development of agricultural modernization. The coupling coordination degree of 16 cities in Anhui Province has been continuously improved, with significant regional differences and low overall coordination, and there is a lag in the development of agricultural science and technology innovation.