Abstract: The public’ s attitude towards science and technology has a direct impact on the dissemination of scientific ideas, it is an important embodiment of public science and culture, and is related to the prosperity and development of all nationalities. Based on 1051 scientific and cultural survey data of the Yi and Han nationalities in Yunnan Province, four major factors reflecting public attitudes towards science and technology were extracted by factor analysis. The differences in public attitudes towards science and technology between the Yi and Han nationalities were empirically tested, and the reasons for the differences were explored by interview method. It was found that with the improvement of education level, both Yi and Han people held a more rational attitude towards the evaluation of science and technology. In terms of support for scientific research and willingness to strengthen science communication, Yi and Han people showed opposite attitudes in terms of gender and family annual income. Finally, in order to realize the common prosperity and development of the Yi and Han rural areas, some policy suggestions were put forward to accelerate the development of local science and technology and promoted the construction of science and culture.