Abstract: Strengthening the resilience of the rural economy is one of the important means for the high-quality development of agricultural industry, and it is crucial to the construction of modern agricultural industry system. The entropy method was used to construct the evaluation index of China’ s rural economic resilience, and the factor analysis method was used to analyze the main factors affecting the rural economic resilience. The results show that: （1） China’ s rural economic resilience has significant time differentiation characteristics, it increased from 0.125 to 0.911 in resent 30 years; the influence of main factors in different stages has significant differences. （2） In this study, income and consumption factors, production factors, and living and production security factors are regarded as the main common factors affecting the resilience of the rural economy, and the income and consumption factors have the deepest influence. This paper expands the research framework of China’ s rural economic resilience in the long historical cycle, and provides theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for the sustainable and high-quality development of the rural economy under the impact of internal and external risks.