Abstract: Improving the rural living environment is one of the important tasks of the rural revitalization strategy, and the governance of the rural human settlement environment is inseparable from the extensive participation of villagers. This paper incorporates social supervision and group identity into the unified analysis framework, uses the Logit model to analyze the impact of social supervision and group identity on the participation of villagers in the governance behavior of human settlements, and on this basis, further analyzes the internal role logic and path of social supervision and group identity, and finally uses the survey data of Jinjiang City in Fujian for empirical testing. The results show that: （1） the supervision of village cadres, neighborhood supervision and health worker supervision have a significant role in promoting the villagers’ participation in the governance of the human settlement environment. （2） the group identity also has a significant role in promoting the villagers’ participation in the governance of the human settlement environment. （3） Group identity plays a positive regulatory role between the supervision of village cadres, the supervision of health workers and the participation of villagers in the governance of human settlements, that is, the positive influence of village cadre supervision and health worker supervision becomes greater with the enhancement of group identity.