Abstract: Agricultural total factor productivity is the power source to promote the high-quality development of China’ s agriculture and promote common prosperity. The socialized service of agricultural science and technology provides scientific, technological and information services for agricultural development, and brings new opportunities for high-quality agricultural development. Based on the panel data of 16 cities in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2020, this paper first uses the entropy weight method to measure the service level of agricultural science and technology socialization in 16 cities, then uses the DEA-Malmquist model to measure their agricultural total factor productivity, and finally uses the grey correlation analysis model to measure the correlation between sub services and agricultural total factor productivity in the agricultural science and technology socialization service system. The results show that the overall level of agricultural science and technology socialization service in 16 cities of Anhui Province showed an upward trend; The agricultural total factor productivity of some cities was greatly affected in 2018 and 2019, showing a downward trend, and the overall upward trend in other years; Among the sub services of the agricultural science and technology socialization service in 16 cities, the correlation between social public services, agricultural materials services, agricultural science and innovation services, agricultural labor services and agricultural total factor productivity is basically significant, but the correlation between agricultural information services, agricultural income services and agricultural total factor productivity is mostly not significant.