Abstract: Rural development is the result of the interaction of population, economy and society.In this study, 14 prefecture-level cities in Gansu Province were selected as units to evaluate the coupling coordination and spatial differentiation of rural population-economy -society in 2019 by selecting typical indicators. The results show that: （1）The overall level of rural population-economy-society development in Gansu province is relatively low, in which economic development has the greatest influence on the comprehensive level, followed by social development and population development; （2）On the whole, the coupling coordination degree of rural population-economy-society in Gansu Province is in the moderate coordination stage. From the perspective of different regions, the level of rural development and the level of coupling coordination are obviously different, showing the overall pattern of Western-Central -Eastern-Southern gradient decline in Gansu Province; （3）From the perspective of spatial differentiation, the urban and rural development degrees in Gansu province are obvious spatial agglomeration. Hexi five districts of Gansu are HH agglomeration, Dingxi, Linxia and Longnan are LL agglomeration, the agglomeration characteristics in other regions are not significant. Finally, this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions from three aspects of population, economy and society to ensure the smooth implementation of rural revitalization strategy in Gansu Province.