Abstract: Industrial prosperity is the key to rural revitalization. The diversity and heterogeneity of rural areas in China determine that villages in different regions should take different industrial revitalization roads and produce different government roles. Through the analysis of the role of W county government in industrial revitalization in Yunnan, it is found that in the industrial revitalization of resource poor areas in Southwest China, the government plays a dual role of leader and practitioner. The grass-roots government completes the industrial organization construction through strong mobilization of farmers’ authority and weak constraints on enterprises, but it also faces great risks in transforming industry into development potential problems such as the decline of government credibility. Through case analysis, this paper puts forward the dilemma of government strong mobilization under resource constraints and the phenomenon of government role filling in this dilemma, makes a sociological analysis on the emergence of this phenomenon, and holds that the difference between the development orientation of farmers’ individualism and the development orientation of government territorialism under resource dilemma leads to the government being forced to take role filling, and then fall into the dilemma of strong mobilization.