Abstract: With the acceleration of land transfer and large-scale operations, the problem of “non-grainization” has become more and more prominent. In order to ensure China’ s food security, this article first analyzes the evolution path of China’ s “non-grainization” from a historical perspective, and discusses the occurrence logic of “non-grainization” from the four perspectives of land, labor, market, and government. The result shows that: “non-grainization” presents alternate fluctuation characteristics of “de-grainization” and “grain-oriented” in different historical stages. The main reason behind the phenomenon of “non-grainization” is that the economic effects of food crops under the background of the market economy are weakening, which in turn leads to the transfer of production materials such as labor and land from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. In addition, the quality of cultivated land has declined in recent years. The government overemphasizes the problems of GDP and “pseudo-ecologicalization” . Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen land supervision, cultivate new professional farmers, increase investment in food science and technology as well as improve the evaluation system for local governments.