Abstract: Registered impoverished families are the main concern of the precise poverty alleviation period. Nevertheless, after the complete victory in the fight against poverty, lack of the sustainable poverty alleviation ability remains a prominent problem. According to the theory of empowerment, this paper chooses registered impoverished families from three villages whose development conditions are varied and all located in F City, Liaoning Province. Based on the research materials collected through field survey, it is observed that problems such as the lack of living skills, low self-evaluation, weak social abilities, lack of approaches to acquire resources, inefficiency of resource utilization, and lack of family assets, can affect the sustainable poverty alleviation ability of registered impoverished families. The sustainable livelihood analysis framework is adopted to analyze causes of the lack of the aforesaid ability, and countermeasures are proposed to improve the sustainable poverty alleviation ability of registered impoverished families in terms of individual empowerment, community empowerment, and social empowerment, respectively.