Abstract: Based on the field investigation of 352 family farming farms in Anhui Province, this paper divides them into grains, fruits and vegetables, and medicinal materials. A three-stage DEA model is constructed to measure and analyze the operating efficiency of various farms. The results showed that there was still room for improvement in the operating efficiency of the planting family farm on the whole, and it was reasonable to separate the management efficiency, external environment and random disturbance items by using the SFA model.The empirical results showed that eight environmental variables, such as the farmer’ s age, education level, times of agricultural technology training, planting subsidy, land transfer cost, farm distance, disaster or not, and regional gross product, had significant effects on farm operating efficiency. At the same time, the effects of various environmental variables on the performance of different types of planting family farms are different. On this basis, it is proposed to moderately expand the operation scale of grain family farms, improve the overall production technology capacity of fruit and vegetable family farms, and continue to guide the family farms of medicinal materials to achieve high-quality development by aiming at cutting-edge technology.