Abstract: In the process of rural governance, farmers are the indispensable and important subjects, and paying attention to their interest demands is the key factor to judge whether rural governance can be achieved effectively. The interest demands of farmers mainly focus on four aspects, such as land, talents, infrastructure, income generation and increase. The realization of the interest demands can stimulate their initiative and creativity to a certain extent, improve the relationship between cadres and the masses, and then enhance the efficiency of rural governance. However, at present, in the concrete practice of rural governance, the principal value of farmers has not been effectively presented and played. The reason is that historical, external and internal factors interweave and superimpose each other, which leads to the failure to realize the interests of farmers. Based on this, this paper starts from the demand of farmers’ immediate interests and explores the realistic path that can give full play to farmers’ principal value and realize effective rural governance by focusing on four aspects: the construction of grass-roots Party organizations, the two-way flow of resources between urban and rural areas, the emphasis on improving infrastructure and the construction of systems and mechanisms.