Abstract: According to Marx’ s view of interests, the understanding of the issue of interests should adhere to the position of materialistic historical view, and the essence of interests is to regulate social relations. The concept of production and management is the concentrated embodiment of the farmer’ s view of interests. With the development of Chinese society, the production and management concept of farmers in the eastern region has changed from “emphasis on agriculture” to “into commerce, industry and agriculture” since the reform and opening up, while the production and management concept of farmers in the central and western regions has changed from “emphasis on agriculture” to “focus on industry and use agriculture as a guaranteed option” and then to “into commerce, industry and agriculture” . The change of farmers’ production and management concept has both positive and negative effects on social relations. In order to reduce the negative effects and achieve the harmony of multiple interests, we should construct farmers’ production and management concept.