Abstract: Green manure can reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, improve soil fertility and increase grain production, which plays a crucial role in promoting China’ s food development. However, the willingness to use green manure of farmers’ has not been widely concerned. Based on the theory of factor induced technological innovation, this study analyzes farmers’ willingness to use green manure from the perspective of off-farm employment and extreme climate change perception. Using descriptive statistics and binomial logit model, the results show that: (1) Off-farm employment has a negative impact on willingness to use green manure. And the higher the employment level of off-farm farmers, the lower the willingness of farmers to use green manure; (2) Moreover, extreme climate change perception has a positive impact on small farmers’ use of green manure, small farmers who feel extreme climate change are more willing to use green manure to make up for the decline of grain yield caused by soil erosion. This study can provide a reference for green manure incentive policy.