Abstract: China’ s practice shows that insurance, as a representative tool of financial poverty alleviation, has played an active role in the poverty alleviation stage. The risk of returning to poverty in the “post-poverty era” and the new goal of reducing relative poverty bring new challenges to the anti-poverty application of insurance. This paper sorts out relevant insurance anti-poverty policies, and comments on the effectiveness of practice, to further explore the future path optimization of insurance anti-poverty in view of the existing problems and new challenges in the insurance anti-poverty process. On the basis of digging deep into the historical application of insurance anti-poverty, try to solve the pain points faced by poverty alleviation work, emphasizing the socialization, diversification, and long-term development trend of the Chinese-style application of insurance anti-poverty, providing reference and ideas for insurance anti-poverty.