Abstract: The reform of the farmland property rights system is an important driving factor for the innovation and development of rural social security models. By combing through the historical evolution process of the changes in the farmland property rights system and the exploration of the rural old-age security model, it is found that there is a relationship of interdependence, interaction and mutual promotion between the two. The function of land old-age security has evolved from a dual bearer of material and spirit, an actual supplier of material resources, a promoter of traditional innovation to an effective supporter of multiple choices, and the land security function is gradually transforming from survival security to investment security. Based on this, in the context of land ownership confirmation, the role of land resources and assets should be fully utilized to promote the multi-level development of rural pension security models.