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行距对间作玉米/马铃薯产量优势和种间关系的影响

字淑慧, 吴开贤, 安曈昕, 欧阳铖人, 杨友琼, 周锋, 吴伯志

字淑慧, 吴开贤, 安曈昕, 等. 行距对间作玉米/马铃薯产量优势和种间关系的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2019, 34(2): 200-209. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).zk201811019
引用本文: 字淑慧, 吴开贤, 安曈昕, 等. 行距对间作玉米/马铃薯产量优势和种间关系的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2019, 34(2): 200-209. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).zk201811019
Shuhui ZI, Kaixian WU, Tongxin AN, et al. Effects of Row Spacing on the Yields Advantage and Interspecific Interaction of the Intercropped Maize and Potato[J]. JOURNAL OF YUNNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(Natural Science), 2019, 34(2): 200-209. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).zk201811019
Citation: Shuhui ZI, Kaixian WU, Tongxin AN, et al. Effects of Row Spacing on the Yields Advantage and Interspecific Interaction of the Intercropped Maize and Potato[J]. JOURNAL OF YUNNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(Natural Science), 2019, 34(2): 200-209. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).zk201811019

行距对间作玉米/马铃薯产量优势和种间关系的影响

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31360306);公益性行业(农业)专项;云南省玉米产业体系(2017KJTX002)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    字淑慧(1971—),女,云南大理人,在读博士研究生,副教授,主要从事作物栽培与耕作研究。E-mail:zsh7525@163.com

    通信作者:

    吴伯志(1960—),男,云南玉溪人,博士,教授,主要从事旱地农业可持续发展研究。E-mail: Bozhiwu@hotmail.com

摘要:
目的行距布局决定作物生长和产量,但在玉米马铃薯间作中缺乏研究。
方法针对云南应用较广2∶2模式,增减种间(ZJ)和种内(ZN)行距形成ZJ70 cm+ZN 25 cm、ZJ60 cm+ZN35 cm、ZJ50 cm+ZN45 cm、ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm和ZJ30 cm+ZN65 cm间作及单作玉米(Ms)和马铃薯(Ps)7个处理,经2年大田试验,研究行距对其间作优势和种间关系的影响。
结果(1)5种间作模式LER为1.21~1.42,当ZJ从70 cm减至30 cm时,两作物产量逐渐增加而后有所下降,最大为ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm的马铃薯平均为13 833 kg/hm2 、玉米为7 808 kg/hm2,LER为1.42;总体为种间窄行模式(ZJ>50 cm)比种间宽行模式(ZJ<50 cm)高,间作优势突出,系统生产力高,分界点为ZJ 40 cm。(2)马铃薯初花期和玉米拔节期是两作物竞争的胶着期,随ZJ从70~30 cm,马铃薯竞争能力逐渐增强(RII为 −0.06~0.01)、玉米逐渐减弱(RII为 −0.04~−0.23),随生育期推进,ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm的RII相对较大。(3)马铃薯干物质转移率和贡献率随ZJ缩小而增大,最大为ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm的 32.6 %和25.5 %,比最小ZJ70 cm+ZN25 cm分别提高39.5%和47.7%,分界点为ZJ40 cm。(4)拔节期—吐丝期和吐丝期—乳熟期玉米恢复性生长能力(RGR),ZJ<50 cm比ZJ>50 cm强,最强ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm比最弱ZJ70 cm+ZN25 cm在两个时期分别提高37 %和30 %,分界点为ZJ40 cm。
结论间作玉米/马铃薯2∶2行比、190 cm带宽模式下,种间窄行的间作优势显著高于种间宽行模式,最高为间距40 cm+行距55 cm。这一发现不仅对实际生产有重要意义,也为其他间作作物高效种植提供了行距设计的借鉴。

 

Effects of Row Spacing on the Yields Advantage and Interspecific Interaction of the Intercropped Maize and Potato

Abstract:
PurposeBeing an important crop population layout, row spacing determines crop growth and yield. However, there is a lack of research on maize and potato intercropping.
MethodThe most widely used model in Yunnan Province is that the row ration of intercropping is 2∶2. We conducted a two-year field experiment to study the effects of different row spacing on intercropping advantage and interspecific relations. The spacing range of interspecific row space (ZJ) designed from 30 cm to 70 cm at 10 cm interval, while that of intraspecific row space (ZN) designed from 65 cm to 25 cm correspondingly. As a result, there were five row spacing layout modes (ZJ70 cm+ZN25 cm, ZJ60 cm+ZN35 cm, ZJ50 cm+ZN45 cm, ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm, ZJ30 cm+ZN65 cm). We also included the maize (Ms) and potato (Ps) monoculture as references.
Result(1) All five modes of row spacing layout displayed the intercropping advantage with the land equivalent ratio (LER) greater than 1 (1.21-1.42). Overall, the yield of potato and maize gradually increased when the jointing stage of maize were the gluttonous period of competition between the two crops. ZJ decreased gradually from 70 to 30 cm. However, the yield decreased when ZJ further decreased from 70 to 30 cm. The yield of both maize and potato maximized at ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm treatment, reaching 13 833 kg/hm2 for potato, 7 808 kg/hm2 for maize, and LER was 1.42. The overall performance was that the narrow ZJ (>50 cm) modes had a higher yield than those of the wider (ZJ<50 cm), which had prominent intercropping advantage and high system productivity. (2) At the early flowering stage of potato, as ZJ decreased from 70 cm to 30 cm, the potato competitiveness gradually increased (RII was −0.06 to 0.01) and the maize gradually decreased (RII was −0.04 to −0.23). With the advancement of maize growth period, the competitiveness of the two crops gradually reduced, but the competitiveness of potato was always greater than that of maize. At any stages, the plants with a row spacing of 40 cm were relatively competitive. (3) The dry matter transfer rate (DMME %) and contribution rate (DMCR %) of potato increased with the decrease of interspecific row space, and the highest ones were 32.6 % and 25.5% of ZJ40 cm+ZN55 cm, which were 39.5% and 47.7% higher than the minimum values of ZJ70 cm+ZN25 cm. In general, the inter-species narrow row mode was higher than the inter-species wide row mode, and the demarcation point was 40 cm. (4) The restorative growth capacity (RGR) showed that the interspecific narrow row mode was better than the interspecific wide row mode for jointing to silking and silking to physiology maturity, the best was ZJ40 cm +ZN55 cm treatment, which was 37% and 30% higher than the smallest of ZJ70 cm + ZN25 cm, and the demarcation point was ZJ40 cm.
ConclusionIt follows that under the mode of corn/potato 2∶2 row ratio and bandwidth of 190 cm, the intercropping advantage of the inter-species narrow row mode was significantly higher than that of the inter-species wide row mode, with the highest interspecies row spacing being ZJ40 cm+ ZN55 cm. This discovery not only has important significance for actual production, but also provides a reference for efficient planting of this model in other ecological environments.

 

  • 温度通过影响植物体内酶的活性引起相应的生理生化反应,导致植物体内的营养及结构等物质的含量发生变化,进而影响花芽分化和开花[1]。低温处理对于促成春植球根和二年生春化植物具有重要的作用。有研究表明:唐菖蒲(Gladiolus gandavensis)在室温条件下可打破球茎休眠,但一致性很差,5 ℃低温处理有利于球茎解除休眠,促进萌芽和生长[2]。常温处理的郁金香(Tulipa gesneriana)切花品质差,低温处理能明显提高切花质量[3]

    独蒜兰属(Pleione D. Don)是兰科(Orchidaceae)植物中具有极高观赏价值的属,其花色鲜艳,深受人们的喜爱,为优良的盆栽观赏植物,在美、日、欧等地栽培较普遍且已实现规模化商业性栽培[4]。该属植物属于亚热带高山植物,夏季需冷凉气候,落叶后球茎休眠以度过冬季的低温期。有研究表明:独蒜兰(P. bulbocodioides)休眠的假鳞茎不需要经过低温诱导解除休眠,维持冷凉的生长环境,相应的生长发育进程就会启动,20 ℃/15 ℃和15 ℃/10 ℃培养温度有利于独蒜兰的生长和开花[1]。台湾独蒜兰(P. formosana)不经过低温处理也可进行相应的发育进程,但球茎在2~5 ℃冷藏8~10周比在0 ℃、10 ℃或者室温贮藏的球茎开花品质好,在5 ℃条件下冷藏8周可减少台湾独蒜兰的消蕾,且开花率最高,休眠期的假鳞茎运输途中宜以低温贮运[5]。较为苛刻的生长温度条件限制了独蒜兰属植物的种植推广,低海拔地区冬季平均温度较高,往往会造成哑花的情况,导致观赏价值较低;因此低温储存对独蒜兰属植物的运输、花期调控和提高花卉品质有重要的意义。本试验探究低温贮藏过程中艳花独蒜兰(P. aurita)、云南独蒜兰(P. yunnanensis)和黄花独蒜兰(P. forrestii)的形态和生理生化的变化规律,旨在为独蒜兰属假鳞茎的低温贮藏提供参考依据。

    本试验选用的艳花独蒜兰、云南独蒜兰和黄花独蒜兰均为中国云南原产,花期集中在3—5月[6]。2015年1月10日,去除供试材料的老根和杂质后,用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液浸泡10 min,取出后用清水冲洗干净置于阴凉通风处,晾干表面水分后,每种挑选30个同等大小的种球,装入未封口的自封袋内,填充基质为经过杀菌洗净后晾干的水苔,贮藏在(4±1) ℃的冷库中。每种选择10个假鳞茎,在贮藏0、30、60、90、120 d时分别测定新芽长度。在相应的时期,每次随机选取同种假鳞茎3个,在冰上将假鳞茎剪碎混匀后,每个样品称量1 g左右,锡箔纸分别包好后液氮速冻30 min,此后转入−80 ℃的冰箱中保存备用。

    粗酶液制备:每个时期3个样品各取0.1 g,3次重复,分别装入5 mL离心管中,并加入1个直径6 mm的钢珠。液氮冷浴后,用高通量组织研磨器研磨5 min,加入4 mL 0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.0)混匀。将制备好的粗酶液置于(4±1) ℃、1 200 r/min冷冻离心机中离心15 min。离心后,将吸取的上清液置于(4±1) ℃冰箱保存。参照高俊凤[7]考马斯亮蓝染色法测定可溶性蛋白含量,参照张蜀秋[8]的方法测定SOD活性与POD活性。

    数据采用Excel 2010 (Microsoft,美国)进行数据统计和图形绘制,采用SPSS 19.0 (IBM,美国)统计软件对结果进行方差分析,并使用Duncan法进行显著性分析。

    3种独蒜兰贮藏30~60 d后开始伸长,90~120 d时,新芽生长达到高峰,其中艳花独蒜兰与黄花独蒜兰新芽伸长长度显著高于前期(表1),同时少数植株母球开始皱缩,并出现花苞和根。贮藏120 d后艳花独蒜兰新芽平均增长9.86 mm,黄花独蒜兰平均增长11.20 mm,云南独蒜兰新芽平均增长4.95 mm。

    表  1  低温贮藏过程新芽长度
    Table  1.  The new buds length during cold storage
    贮藏天数/d
    storage time
    新芽长度/mm
    length of the new buds
    艳花独蒜兰
    P. aurita
    黄花独蒜兰
    P. forrestii
    云南独蒜兰
    P. yunnanensis
    0 18.88±2.57 b 15.13±1.93 b 11.64±3.15 a
    30 18.75±3.11 b 15.26±2.02 b 11.80±4.03 a
    60 19.48±4.26 b 16.23±3.50 b 12.55±4.46 a
    90 20.78±5.09 b 18.05±4.63 b 13.19±5.01 a
    120 28.74±9.99 a 26.33±10.00 a 16.59±7.63 a
    注:同列数据后附不同字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
    Note: Different letters in each column indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    图1所示:低温贮藏期120 d后艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎中可溶性蛋白较贮藏前下降8.90 μg/g,贮藏期间无明显变化。云南独蒜兰假鳞茎可溶性蛋白呈上升趋势,处理120 d时显著增加达到最大值322.85 μg/g,且显著高于处理前期含量,较贮藏前上升27.63 μg/g。黄花独蒜兰可溶性蛋白含量也呈增加趋势,30 d时未有明显变化,处理60 d开始显著增加、处理120 d时达到324.08 μg/g,较贮藏前上升34.12 μg/g。

    图  1  低温贮藏过程可溶性蛋白含量变化
    Figure  1.  Changes of the soluble protein content during cold storage

    图2所示:艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎在处理120 d时活性为701.07 U/(g·min),较未进行低温处理时显著降低44.11 U/(g·min),前期均未有明显变化。云南独蒜兰假鳞茎SOD活性90 d内无明显变化,120 d时活性达到最高值741.93 U/(g·min),比处理30 d和60 d有显著增加,但与处理前并无显著差异。低温贮藏过程中黄花独蒜兰假鳞茎SOD活性在638.47~697.44 U/(g·min)范围内浮动,各时期并无明显差异。

    图  2  低温贮藏过程SOD活性变化
    Figure  2.  Changes of the SOD activity during cold storage

    图3所示:3种独蒜兰假鳞茎POD活性均呈现先下降后上升趋势,艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎处理60 d时活性显著下降,处理90 d时达到最低值61.72 U/(g·min),120 d时活性再升高;云南独蒜兰处理30 d时出现下降,POD活性达到最低值102.99 U/(g·min),60 d时POD活性上升达到最高值155.31 U/(g·min),其他时期无显著差异;黄花独蒜兰假鳞茎在处理30 d时POD活性显著下降,达到最低值87.33 U/(g·min),60 d时明显升高,达到214.13 U/(g·min),此后保持较高活性。

    图  3  低温贮藏过程POD活性变化
    Figure  3.  Changes of the POD activity during cold storage

    前人研究表明:台湾独蒜兰在5 ℃条件下冷藏8周可减少消蕾,且开花率最高[5]。本试验发现:在(4±1) ℃低温条件下艳花独蒜兰、黄花独蒜兰和云南独蒜兰假鳞茎在贮藏30 d时开始萌动,贮藏60 d时可将假鳞茎转移出冷库进行栽培,120 d时少数植株假鳞茎开始皱缩,并出现花苞和根,此时可能会影响开花品质,因此冷藏不宜超过90 d。

    低温引起植物细胞蛋白质的变化主要表现在可溶性蛋白和酶类的变化以及产生抗寒性蛋白[9]。可溶性蛋白具有较强的亲水性,它能明显增强细胞的持水力,而可溶性蛋白含量的增加可以束缚更多的水分,减少低温条件下原生质因结冰而受伤害致死的机会[10]。相关鳞茎植物的研究表明:低温贮藏中鳞茎可溶性蛋白质含量增加是解除休眠的原因之一,通常鳞片中可溶性蛋白质含量越高,其休眠程度越低,萌发所需时间越少[11]。本试验表明:在低温贮藏期间,3种独蒜兰可溶性蛋白含量保持较高水平,其中云南独蒜兰和黄花独蒜兰假鳞茎可溶性蛋白含量有所增加,此时也是两者芽开始萌动伸长的时间,因此可能与两者假鳞茎生理活动不断增强,在此温度下的保护性调节反应。艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎中可溶性蛋白含量并无明显差异,可能与母球营养状况和不同种类有关,具体原因还需进一步研究。

    SOD是生物体内普遍存在的一种活性氧清除剂,它能清除对生物体有毒害作用的氧自由基,保护细胞膜的稳定性,有效地防止细胞膜的衰老[12]。艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎SOD活性在120 d时有明显下降但前期均较稳定,可能与前期生理活动不明显有关。黄花独蒜兰和云南独蒜兰低温贮藏90 d时SOD活性略有增加,可能跟两者假鳞茎生理活动增强有关,在贮藏90 d时假鳞茎的新芽开始伸长,假鳞茎迅速消耗自己的养分,以供给整个新芽的生长,假鳞茎的生理活动迅速增加,SOD的活性也随之增强,此结果与百合的研究[12]相似。

    POD是植物中普遍存在的一种氧化还原酶,参与植物的许多生理过程,如植物对低温及病虫害的抵抗,植物细胞壁木质素的合成及细胞内自由基的清除等。POD活性有保持细胞结构的完整性,提高细胞对衰老及不良环境抗性的作用[13]。此外,POD活性影响植物的生长,其大小直接影响IAA的代谢与分布,而IAA含量控制着植物的生长发育,高活性POD可加强对IAA的氧化分解,从而减轻对生长的刺激[14]。3种独蒜兰的POD在贮藏30~90 d时均有下降趋势,此时也是新芽开始萌动的时间。本试验与BENKEBLIA等[15]的洋葱试验相似,其研究表明:POD活性的降低与洋葱的萌发一致,POD活性的降低有利于鳞茎的萌发。该现象也发生在马铃薯[16]和葡萄[17]的研究中,两者在休眠解除后,萌芽前POD活性迅速降低。此外,有研究表明:POD和SOD的活性与大花蕙兰类原球茎抗逆性呈正相关,低温胁迫下,两者活性呈增加趋势[18]。本试验发现:3种独蒜兰在30~90 d时POD活性降低可能促进3种独蒜兰属植物新芽的萌动,后期POD升高可能与新芽生长、假鳞茎生理活动增强,清除自由基危害有关,也间接揭示了长时间的低温贮藏对3种独蒜兰造成胁迫,对后期的开花生长不利。

    3种独蒜兰假鳞茎在(4±1) ℃低温冷藏60 d后,可转移出冷库进行栽培,冷藏不宜超过90 d。艳花独蒜兰假鳞茎中可溶性蛋白含量无明显变化,SOD活性在处理120 d时出现显著降低。云南独蒜兰和黄花独蒜兰假鳞茎可溶性蛋白呈增加趋势,而SOD活性无明显变化。POD活性的降低有利于三者新芽的萌动。

  • 图  1   间作行距布局设计示意图

    注:带宽190 cm,ZJ表示种间行距,ZN表示种内行距 。

    Figure  1.   Schematic diagram of row spacing under intercropping patterns

    Note: Stripe 190 cm, ZJ represents interspecific spacing, ZN represents intraspecific spacing.

    图  2   行距变化对玉米相对生长速率(RGR)的影响

    注:a)拔节期—吐丝期;b)吐丝期—乳熟期;不同小写字母代表差异为显著水平(P<0.05)。

    Figure  2.   Effect of row spacing pattern on relative growth rate (RGR) of maize

    Note: a) jointing to silking stage; b) silking to physiology maturity stage; histograms capped with different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

    表  1   不同处理作物系统生产力及作物产量差异(mean±SE)

    Table  1   Differences in crop system productivity and crop yield under different treatments

    年份
    year
    处理
    treatment
    产量/(kg·hm−2) yield 系统生成力system production
    马铃薯产量yield of potato 玉米产量yield of maize 间作优势LER 生产力优势SP
    2013 ZJ70+ZN25 13 340±222 a 6 042±529 a 1.23±0.05 a 9 254±251 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 13 817±131 b 6 026±560 a 1.25±0.05 a 9 454±348 a
    ZJ50+ZN45 13 892±84 b 7 228±215 b 1.38±0.02 b 10 194±133 b
    ZJ40+ZN55 14 135±92 c 7 335±134 b 1.40±0.03 b 10 327±110 b
    ZJ30+ZN65 14 050±122 c 7 049±487 b 1.37±0.03 b 10 130±243 b
    Ms 9 928±297 c
    Ps 21 573±929 d
    2014 ZJ70+ZN25 11 534±428 a 6 782±269 a 1.21±0.06 a 8 873±99 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 11 951±448 a 6 834±335 a 1.23±0.09 a 9 086±188 a
    ZJ50+ZN45 12 194±182 b 7 051±395 a 1.27±0.04 a 10 038±214 b
    ZJ40+ZN55 13 530±600 b 8 281±555 b 1.42±0.04 b 10 332±358 b
    ZJ30+ZN65 12 942±264 b 7 294±419 b 1.36±0.04 b 10 014±161 b
    Ms 10 184±127 c
    Ps 21 236±619 c
    注:ZJ为玉米马铃薯之间的种间行距,ZN为玉米马铃薯之间的种内行距;同列数据中小写字母表示差异为显著水平 (P <0.05,Duncan);下同。Note: ZJ represents interspecific spacing and ZN represents intraspecific spacing of maize and potato; values in the same column followed by different capitals at 0.01 levels in Duncan test; the same as below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   不同处理对玉米和马铃薯相对竞争能力(RII)的影响

    Table  2   Effect of different intercropping treatments on the relative interaction index (RII) of maize and potato

    年份
    year
    处理
    treatment
    马铃薯potato 玉米maize
    初花期early flowering 盛花期flowering 收获期harvest 拔节期jointing 吐丝期booting 乳熟期milk stage
    2013 ZJ70+ZN25 −0.06±0.01 a −0.04±0.01 a −0.01±0.00 a −0.04±0.01 c −0.02±0.00 a −0.02±0.01 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 0.01±0.00 b 0.01±0.00 b 0.02±0.00 a −0.09±0.02 b 0.01±0.00 a 0.02±0.00 a
    ZJ50+ZN45 0.01±0.00 b 0.06±0.01 c 0.02±0.00 a −0.09±0.02 b 0.03±0.01 a 0.02±0.00 a
    ZJ40+ZN55 0.13±0.02 c 0.10±0.02 c 0.05±0.01 a −0.19±0.03 a 0.04±0.01 a 0.01±0.00 a
    ZJ30+ZN65 0.09±0.03 c 0.07±0.02 c 0.04±0.01 a −0.23±0.04 a 0.02±0.00 a 0.01±0.00 a
    2014 ZJ70+ZN25 −0.02±0.00 a −0.13±0.02 a −0.02±0.00 a −0.01±0.00 b −0.02±0.00 a −0.02±0.01 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 0.06±0.01 b −0.01±0.00 b 0.02±0.00 a −0.01±0.00 b 0.01±0.00 a 0.01±0.00 a
    ZJ50+ZN45 0.10±0.03 b 0.01±0.00 b 0.03±0.01 a −0.03±0.01 b 0.02±0.00 a 0.02±0.00 a
    ZJ40+ZN55 0.23±0.04 c 0.06±0.01 c 0.04±0.01 a −0.02±0.00 b 0.04±0.01 a 0.02±0.00 a
    ZJ30+ZN65 0.22±0.03 c 0.01±0.00 b 0.03±0.00 a −0.16±0.04 a 0.01±0.00 a 0.01±0.00 a
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   不同处理马铃薯干物质转移率(DMME)和贡献率(DMCR)的差异

    Table  3   Differences in dry matter transfer rate (DMME) and contribution rate (DMCR) of potato under different treatments

    年份
    year
    处理
    treatment
    初花期early flowering 盛花期flowering
    DMME/% 比ZJ70高/% DMCR/% 比ZJ70高/% DMME/% 比ZJ70高/% DMCR/% 比ZJ70高/%
    2013 ZJ70+ZN25 23.9±2.4 a 15.1±1.5 a 25.9±5.6 a 17.6±2.2 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 27.4±2.3 b 12.9 17.4±1.7 a 13.5 32.6±2.8 b 20.4 22.5±2.7 ab 22.0
    ZJ50+ZN45 32.4±1.7 c 26.3 22.1±1.9 ab 31.7 36.0±2.5 c 27.9 26.7±1.6 b 34.3
    ZJ40+ZN55 36.8±3.5 c 35.0 30.4±2.7 b 50.5 37.3±3.5 c 30.4 30.3±3.1 b 42.0
    ZJ30+ZN65 35.2±1.6 c 32.2 26.4±1.5 b 42.9 36.7±2.5 c 29.4 27.4±2.3 b 22.0
    Ps 24.4±1.4 ab 1.8 16.3±1.3 a 7.3 25.5±2.4 a −1.7 17.4±1.7 a −0.9
    2014 ZJ70+ZN25 19.3±1.9 a 12.5±1.4 a 10.1±2.7 a 8.2±1.6 a
    ZJ60+ZN35 19.4±2.6 a 0.4 13.1±2.2 a 4.6 11.4±1.2 a 11.4 8.5±2.1 a 3.5
    ZJ50+ZN45 29.1±1.5 b 33.6 22.7±2.3 b 44.9 21.4±2.6 c 52.6 15.4±2.7 b 46.9
    ZJ40+ZN55 29.5±1.6 b 34.0 22.6±2.2 b 44.6 26.9±2.8 c 62.5 18.7±2.6 c 56.1
    ZJ30+ZN65 29.2±2.2 b 34.6 20.8±1.5 b 39.9 17.7±2.6 b 43.1 12.2±1.7 b 32.8
    Ps 17.2±2.6 a −12.2 9.5±1.6 a −31.5 11.1±1.7 a 9.0 7.9±1.3 a −3.9
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 通信作者:  吴伯志 Bozhiwu@hotmail.com
  • 收稿日期:  2018-11-06
  • 修回日期:  2019-01-08
  • 网络首发日期:  2019-02-28

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