青贮玉米与绿肥作物间作对土壤理化性状和微生物的影响
探究青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)与不同绿肥作物间作对土壤理化性状和微生物的影响，筛选与青贮玉米间作的最佳绿肥作物，为大田生产提供理论指导。
设置青贮玉米/箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)间作、青贮玉米/光叶紫花苕(V. villosa var. glabresens)间作2种模式，并以青贮玉米单作为对照，分析不同种植模式的土壤养分、玉米根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性。
青贮玉米与光叶紫花苕间作后，土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量以及土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性分别较单作显著提高80.03%、17.90%、16.71%、21.43%、85.03%、61.60%和59.32% (P<0.05)；青贮玉米与箭筈豌豆间作后，土壤有机质、速效氮和速效钾含量分别较单作显著提高64.94%、23.61%和21.73% (P<0.05)。间作的青贮玉米根际土壤微生物数量和多样性均显著高于单作(P<0.05)，其中，青贮玉米/光叶紫花苕间作模式下，青贮玉米根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量分别较单作高133.36%、58.91%和193.63%；青贮玉米与箭筈豌豆间作模式下，青贮玉米根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量分别较单作高151.55%、68.21%和134.30%。
青贮玉米与光叶紫花苕间作是云南龙陵地区更为适宜的间作种植模式。
Effects of Intercropping Silage Corn with Green Manure Crops on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Communities
To investigate the effects of intercropping silage corn (Zea mays L.) with different green manure crops on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities, and to identify the best green manure crops for intercropping with silage corn, providing theoretical guidance for field production.
The experiment was set up with two intercropping patterns: silage corn/intercropping with Vicia sativa L. (VS) and silage corn/intercropping with V. villosa var. glabresens (VVG), and silage corn monoculture was used as a control. Soil nutrient levels, root-zone soil enzyme activity, and microbial diversity of different planting patterns were measured.
After intercropping silage corn with VVG, the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and the activity of urease, sucrase, and cellulose enzyme were significantly higher than in the monoculture (P<0.05), with increases of 80.03%, 17.90%, 16.71%, 21.43%, 85.03%, 61.60%, and 59.32%, respectively. In the silage corn/VS intercropping system, organic matter, available nitrogen, and available potassium were significantly higher than in the monoculture by 64.94%, 23.61%, and 21.73% (P<0.05), respectively. Under intercropping, the microbial count and diversity in the root-zone soil of silage corn were also significantly higher than in the monoculture (P<0.05). Specifically, under the silage corn/VVG intercropping pattern, the number of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes in the root-zone soil of silage corn was 133.36%, 58.91%, and 193.63% higher than that in the monoculture, respectively; under the silage corn/VS intercropping pattern, the corresponding numbers were 151.55%, 68.21%, and 134.30% higher, respectively.
The silage corn/VVG intercropping pattern is more suitable for the Longling region of Yunnan.
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Keywords:
- silage corn /
- green manure crops /
- intercropping /
- soil nutrients /
- soil enzyme activity /
- microbial diversity
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