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3种食用菌废菌棒生物炭的特性及其吸附巨大芽孢杆菌的性能
探究不同食用菌废菌棒生物炭的理化特性及其吸附巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的能力，为食用菌废菌棒的高值化利用提供依据。
以3种食用菌(金针菇、真姬菇、银耳)废菌棒为原料，在700 ℃、CO2或N2氛围下热解2 h制成6种生物炭，对其理化性质进行表征，并通过正交试验研究生物炭对巨大芽孢杆菌的吸附性能。
6种生物炭均呈碱性，产率范围在34%~42%之间，灰分含量在10%~59%之间，碳含量在44%~72%之间；芳香化程度高，均具有利于微生物吸附的官能团；平均孔径为1.92~4.94 nm，孔体积为0.012~0.099 cm3/g，且CO2氛围下热解制备的生物炭，其比表面积和孔体积均大于N2氛围下热解制备的生物炭；CO2氛围下制备的生物炭，其吸附巨大芽孢杆菌的最优条件组合为温度25 ℃、菌炭比10∶1、吸附时间24 h，吸附率均大于93%。
以金针菇废菌棒为原料，在CO2氛围下制备的生物炭，其吸附效果最好，吸附率达95.55%，具有作为载体及进一步应用的潜力。研究结果为食用菌废菌棒的资源化和高值化利用提供了新途径。
Characterization and Performance in Adsorption of Bacillus megaterium of Biochar from Three Edible Fungus Spent Artificial Logs
To investigate the physicochemical properties of biochars made from different edible fungus spent artificial logs and their ability to adsorb Bacillus megaterium, providing a basis for the high-value utilization of edible fungus spent artificial logs.
Three types of edible fungus (Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Tremella fuciformis) spent artificial logs were used as raw materials, six types of biochars were produced by pyrolysis for two hours at 700 ℃ under CO2 or N2 atmosphere. The biochars were characterized for their physicochemical properties, and the adsorption performance of biochars for B. megaterium was studied through an orthogonal experiment.
All six types of biochars were alkaline, with yields ranging from 34% to 42%, ash content ranging from 10% and 59%, and carbon content ranging from 44% and 72%. The biochars had high aromaticity and functional groups beneficial to microbial adsorption. The average pore size ranged from 1.92 to 4.94 nm, and the pore volume ranged from 0.012 to 0.099 cm3/g. Biochars obtained under CO2 atmosphere had a higher specific surface area and pore volume compared to that obtained under N2 atmosphere. The optimal combination of temperature, fungal suspension-to-biochar ratio, and adsorption time for adsorption of B. megaterium by the biochars derived from CO2 atmosphere were 25 ℃, 10∶1, and 24 hours, respectively, with adsorption rates above 93%.
The biochar made from F. velutipes spent artificial log under CO2 atmosphere have the best adsorption effect, with an adsorption rate of 95.55%, demonstrating its potential as a carrier and for further applications. The results provide a new approach for the resource utilization and high-value application of edible fungus spent artificial logs.
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