不同磷石膏添加量对奶牛粪堆肥腐熟及氮素损失的影响
研究不同磷石膏添加量对奶牛粪堆肥腐熟及氮素损失的影响。
以干湿分离的奶牛粪为堆肥材料，分别添加0%、3%、6%和9%磷石膏，采用条垛式堆肥技术进行35 d的试验，监测堆肥过程中温度、pH值、种子发芽指数、碳氮比(C/N值)、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、氨气释放速率及氮损失率的变化。
添加3%~9%磷石膏可以将奶牛粪堆肥过程中温度升高至50 ℃以上的时间缩短3~6 d，最高温度提高1~4 ℃，并使温度保持在50 ℃以上的时间延长0~3 d；堆肥产品的pH值降低0.27~0.71，C/N值降低9.57%~16.50%，种子发芽指数提高9.27%~22.17%，硝态氮含量增加7.04%~16.92%；堆肥过程中氨气释放速率降低15.13%~37.87%，总氮损失率降低6.53%~15.36%。磷石膏添加量为6%时，保氮效率最高。
在奶牛粪条垛式堆肥过程中，添加3%~6%磷石膏，不仅可以提高堆料的腐熟效率和产品质量，还可以有效降低堆肥过程中氨气的释放量。本研究为进一步资源化利用磷石膏及优化奶牛粪堆肥技术工艺提供了理论支撑。
Effects of Different Phosphogypsum Addition Amounts on Cow Manure Composting Maturity and Nitrogen Loss
To study the effects of different phosphogypsum addition amounts on cow manure composting maturity and nitrogen loss.
Dry and wet separated cow manure was used as the composting material, 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% phosphogypsum was added respectively, and the composting process was conducted using a windrow composting technique for 35 days, monitoring the changes in temperature, pH value, seed germination index, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N value), nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, ammonia release rate, and nitrogen loss rate during composting.
The addition of 3% to 9% phosphogypsum shortened the time for the temperature of cow manure compost to rise above 50 °C by 3 to 6 days, increased the maximum temperature by 1 to 4°C, and extended the time of the temperature remained above 50 °C by 0 to 3 days. The pH value of the compost products decreased by 3.02% to 7.95%, the C/N value decreased by 9.57% to 16.50%, the seed germination index increased by 9.27% to 22.17%, and the nitrate nitrogen content increased by 7.04% to 16.92%. The ammonia release rate was reduced by 15.13% to 37.87%, and the total nitrogen loss rate decreased by 6.53% to 15.36%. The highest nitrogen retention efficiency was observed when the phosphogypsum addition was 6%.
In the windrow composting of cow manure, the addition of 3% to 6% phosphogypsum not only improves the composting maturity and product quality, but also effectively reduces ammonia release during composting. This study provides theoretical support for further resource utilization of phosphogypsum and optimization of cow manure composting technology.
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Keywords:
- cow manure /
- phosphogypsum /
- compost maturity /
- nitrogen loss rate /
- addition amount
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