阳宗海鱼虾中砷、镉、铅、汞含量
分析阳宗海鱼虾中砷等重金属的含量。
于2022年9月采集阳宗海鱼虾样本15种，按照食品安全国家标准检测其无机砷、镉、铅和总汞含量，运用均值型指数法评估重金属综合污染程度，对比暂定每周可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake，PTWI)以评估食用安全性。
鱼虾样本中的无机砷含量为未检出(not detected，ND)~0.190 mg/kg，镉含量为ND~0.023 mg/kg，铅含量为ND~0.071 mg/kg，总汞含量为ND~0.120 mg/kg。虾中的无机砷和镉含量较高，且与鱼类相比存在显著差异；鱼类中的总汞含量显著高于虾。在鱼类中，尼罗罗非鱼的无机砷含量最高，高体鳑鲏对无机砷、镉和铅表现出较强的富集能力。虾的污染指数为0.107，属于微污染；鱼类的污染指数低于0.5，属于未污染或轻污染。根据鱼虾的重金属含量，计算得出人均每周重金属摄入量占PTWI标准值的0.020%~3.500%。
阳宗海鱼虾样本中的4种重金属含量均低于食品安全国家标准和无公害食品的有毒有害物质限量标准，总体污染程度为未污染或轻、微污染。初步推测阳宗海鱼虾的食用风险较低。
Content of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Fish and Shrimp from Yangzonghai
To analyze the content of arsenic (As) and other heavy metals in fish and shrimp from Yangzonghai.
In September 2022, 15 species of fish and shrimp samples were collected from Yangzonghai. In accordance with national food safety standards, the inorganic As, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and total mercury (Hg) contents in these samples were measured. The mean index method was used to evaluate the overall heavy metal pollution, and the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) was used to evaluate the safety of consumption.
The inorganic As content in fish and shrimp samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.190 mg/kg, Cd content ranged from ND to 0.023 mg/kg, Pb content ranged from ND to 0.071 mg/kg, and total Hg content ranged from ND to 0.120 mg/kg. The inorganic As and Cd contents in shrimp were higher than in fish, with significant differences observed; and the total Hg content in fish was significantly higher than in shrimp. Among different fishes, the highest inorganic As content was found in Oreochromis nilotica, and Rhodeus ocellatus showed relatively high bioaccumulation of inorganic As, Cd, and Pb. The pollution index of shrimp was 0.107, indicating mild pollution; while the pollution index of fish was less than 0.5, indicating no pollution or light pollution. Based on the heavy metal content in the fish and shrimp, the weekly per capita intake of heavy metals was calculated to range from 0.020% to 3.500% of the PTWI standard value.
The levels of the four heavy metals in the fish and shrimp samples from Yangzonghai are below the national food safety standards and the limits for toxic and harmful substances in non-polluted food. The overall pollution degree is classified as no pollution or lightly to mildly pollution. It is preliminarily concluded that the consumption risk of fish and shrimp from Yangzonghai is low.
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Keywords:
- Yangzonghai /
- fish /
- shrimp /
- heavy metal pollution /
- food safety /
- arsenic
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