毒害草入侵扩张对亚高山草甸植物群落及土壤性状的影响
研究毒害草入侵扩张对亚高山草甸植物群落和土壤性状的影响。
以滇西北香格里拉市国家级亚高山草甸固定监测样地为研究对象,以样地内草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、大狼毒(Euphorbia jolkinii)和网脉橐吾(Ligularia dictyoneura) 3个斑块为取样单元,分析毒害草入侵扩张草甸的植物群落物种组成和结构、土壤化学性状、土壤酶活性和微生物量。
大狼毒和网脉橐吾入侵扩张一方面导致植被密度及优良牧草生物量显著降低,毒害草生物量及其占比显著增加;另一方面又能显著提高土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,增加土壤有机碳、全氮和速效氮含量以及微生物量碳、氮、磷,提高土壤蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶活性。
大狼毒和网脉槖吾通过改变入侵地的植被和土壤环境,形成适合自身生长的环境条件,实现其在滇西北亚高山草甸的扩张蔓延。
Effects of Toxic Weeds Invasion and Expansion on Subalpine Meadow Plant Communities and Soil Properties
To study the effects of toxic weeds invasion and expansion on alpine meadow plant communities and soil properties.
Taking the national subalpine meadow fixed monitoring plot in Shangri-La City, northwest Yunnan as the research object, and the three patches within the plot, Poa pratensis, Euphorbia jolkinii and Ligularia dictyoneura, as the sampling units, the plant community composition and structure, soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of the meadow invaded and expanded by toxic weeds were analyzed.
The invasion and expansion of E. jolkinii and L. dictyoneura led to a significant decrease in vegetation density and the biomass of excellent forages, while the biomass and proportion of toxic weeds significantly increased. Furthermore, the invasion significantly increased the number of soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and enhanced the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, as well as microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. It also increased the activities of soil sucrase and catalase.
The expansion of E. jolkinii and L. dictyoneura alters the vegetation and soil environment of the invaded area, creating conditions favorable for their growth, thereby promoting their spread in the subalpine meadows of northwest Yunnan.
参考文献
[1] |
SUN G, LUO P, WU N, et al. Stellera chamaejasme L. increases soil N availability, turnover rates and microbial biomass in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41(1): 86. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.022. |
[2] | 鲍根生, 王玉琴, 宋梅玲, 等. 狼毒斑块对狼毒型退化草地植被和土壤理化性质影响的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 51. DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018205. |
[3] |
ZHANG Y, CUI Z B, WANG T T, et al. Expansion of native plant Stellera chamaejasme L. alters the structure of soil diazotrophic community in a salinized meadow grassland, northeast China[J]. Agronomy, 2021, 11(10): 2085. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11102085. |
[4] | 马建国, 侯扶江, BOWATTE S. 青藏高原高寒草甸有毒植物对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物丰度的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2019, 36(12): 3033. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2019-0405. |
[5] | 单贵莲, 尹海燕, 刘洋, 等. 大狼毒种群扩散增殖对滇西北亚高山草甸土壤养分及微生物特性的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2021, 36(3): 494. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390Xn).201911036. |
[6] | 石国玺, 王文颖, 蒋胜竞, 等. 黄帚橐吾种群扩张对土壤理化特性与微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(1): 126. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0111. |
[7] | 王玉琴, 宋梅玲, 周睿, 等. 黄帚橐吾对退化高寒草地植物、土壤养分及微生物量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(12): 31. DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021467. |
[8] | 王庆海, 庞卓, 李翠, 等. 变异黄芪和小花棘豆对荒漠草地土壤性状的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2015, 23(3): 469. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2015.03.006. |
[9] | 安冬云, 韩蕾, 武菊英, 等. 瑞香狼毒对农牧交错带草原土壤特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(3): 559. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2016.03.016. |
[10] | 马燕丹, 郑秋竹, 张勇, 等. 滇西北退化高寒草甸植物群落结构对刈割的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(19): 8073. DOI: 10.5846/stxb20210812210. |
[11] | 刘莉, 王明浩, 杨蔚, 等. 不同干扰类型下滇西北高寒草甸土壤化学计量特征[J]. 草业科学, 2022, 39(4): 634. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2021-0569. |
[12] | 王紫媛, 刘星月, 周松林, 等. 高寒退化草甸优势种大狼毒对三种受体植物的化感作用[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2022, 44(3): 635. DOI: 10.13836/j.jjau.2022064. |
[13] | 王玉琴, 宋梅玲, 周睿, 等. 高寒草甸不同黄帚橐吾密度斑块的植物群落结构特征[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(9): 2264. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.09.005. |
[14] | 周睿, 宋梅玲, 王玉琴, 等. 不同放牧方式下防除黄帚橐吾对高寒草地植物群落的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(7): 1819. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.07.024. |
[15] | 尹海燕, 初晓辉, 单贵莲, 等. 不同大狼毒覆盖度退化亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性研究[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2019, 34(3): 473. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).201804052. |
[16] | 王晓蓉, 崔媛, 张勇, 等. 1995—2019年香格里拉市高寒草甸景观格局和潜在生产力变化特征研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2025, 45(1): 106. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202310024. |
[17] |
ZHAO Y H, MEMMOTT J, VAUGHAN L P, et al. The impact of a native dominant plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant-flower visitor networks and pollen deposition on stigmas of co-flowering species in subalpine meadows of Shangri-La, SW China[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2021, 109: 2107. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13624. |
[18] | 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000. |
[19] | 林先贵. 土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2010. |
[20] | 任继周. 草业科学研究方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998. |
[21] | 杨晨, 沙日扣, 苏日拉格, 等. 中国天然草原毒害草种类分布、毒性及防控与利用研究进展[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2022, 43(11): 88. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2022.11.016. |
[22] | 郭丽珠, 赵欢, 吕进英, 等. 退化典型草原狼毒种群结构与数量动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(9): 2977. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.008. |
[23] |
YAO X, CHAI Q, CHEN T X, et al. Disturbance by grazing and the presence of rodents facilitates the dominance of the unpalatable grass Achnatherum inebrians in alpine meadows of northern China[J]. The Rangeland Journal, 2019, 41(4): 301. DOI: 10.1071/RJ18096. |
[24] |
GAO F Y, SHI F X, CHEN H M, et al. Rapid expansion of Melica przewalskyi causes soil moisture deficit and vegetation degradation in subalpine meadows[J]. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 2018, 46(1): 1700587. DOI: 10.1002/clen.201700587. |
[25] | 陈晓鹏, 李飞, 白彦福, 等. 灭除甘肃臭草对不同放牧方式亚高山草地植物群落和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2020, 42(3): 70. DOI: 10.16742/j.zgcdxb.20190269. |
[26] | 刘咏梅, 董幸枝, 龙永清, 等. 退化高寒草甸狼毒群落分类特征及其环境影响因子[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(4): 1. DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021310. |
[27] | 柳晓燕, 朱金方, 李飞飞, 等. 豚草入侵对新疆伊犁河谷林下本地草本植物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(24): 9613. DOI: 10.5846/stxb202103030.577. |
[28] | 赵文, 尹亚丽, 李世雄, 等. 植被重建对黑土滩草地植被及微生物群落特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(1): 71. DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.01.008. |
[29] |
ADE L, MILLNER J P, HOU F J. The dominance of Ligularia spp. related to significant changes in soil microenvironment[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 131: 108183. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108183. |
[30] | 单贵莲, 马祖艳, 李嘉懿, 等. 大狼毒对紫花苜蓿幼苗生理及内源激素含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10): 153. DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022455. |
[31] |
HALE R, REICH P, DANIEL T, et al. Scales that matter: guiding effective monitoring of soil properties in restored riparian zones[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 228/229: 173. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.09.019. |
[32] | 董凯, 刘欢, 刘云飞, 等. 藏沙蒿与多年生禾草混播对西藏沙化草地土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(12): 3233. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.12.008. |