高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区针阔混交林的大型真菌多样性
研究高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区针阔混交林内大型真菌的多样性及其与植被类型的关系。
在3种不同针阔混交林内设置9个样方(每种林型设3个样地)，通过形态分类学和分子系统发育学分析大型真菌的物种组成与多样性，利用冗余分析和主成分分析探讨大型真菌与林分结构及树种组成的关系。
共采集并鉴定大型真菌31科52属86种，包括9个优势科和13个优势属。属的分布类型以世界分布为主，北温带分布次之。在兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)+白桦(Betula platyphylla)+蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林分中，大型真菌的科丰富度和多样性指数最高，分布最均匀。兴安落叶松、蒙古栎和白桦是影响大型真菌分布和组成的主要树种，郁闭度、树高和海拔是影响其分布的重要因素。植被类型丰富度高的林分中，大型真菌的科丰富度和多样性指数最高；大型真菌多样性主要受湿度、草本盖度、郁闭度等林内结构因素影响，并与共生树种密切相关。此外，不同科分布与郁闭度、海拔、草本盖度、林内湿度、乔木胸径、灌木冠幅、乔木树高显著相关。
大型真菌的物种组成和多样性受不同植被类型林分结构和树种组成的显著影响，并与特定树种存在共生关系。
Diversity of Macrofungi in Mixed Coniferous and Broad-leaved Forests of Gaogesitaihanwula National Nature Reserve
To investigate the diversity of macrofungi in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the Gaogesitaihanwula National Nature Reserve and its relationship with vegetation types.
Nine quadrats were established across three different forest types (three plots per forest type). The species composition and diversity of macrofungi were analyzed by morphological taxonomy and molecular phylogenetic techniques. Redundancy analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to explore the relationship among macrofungi, stand structure, and tree species composition.
A total of 86 species of macrofungi were collected and identified, belonging to 31 families and 52 genera, including nine dominant families and 13 dominant genera. The genus distribution pattern was primarily cosmopolitan, followed by the northern temperate distribution. The Larix gmelinii+Betula platyphylla+Quercus mongolica forest type exhibited the highest richness and diversity indices, as well as the most uniform distribution of macrofungi. L. gmelinii, Q. mongolica, and B. platyphylla were identified as the key tree species influencing the distribution and composition of macrofungi, while canopy density, tree height, and altitude were found to be the most significant factors. Forest stands with higher vegetation richness demonstrated greater richness and diversity indices for macrofungi. The diversity of macrofungi was strongly influenced by internal structural factors such as humidity, herbaceous coverage, and canopy density, and it was closely associated with the distribution of symbiotic tree species. Furthermore, the distribution of different fungal families was significantly correlated with canopy density, altitude, herbaceous coverage, indoor humidity, tree diameter at breast height, shrub crown width, and tree height.
The composition and diversity of macrofungi were significantly influenced by the stand structure and tree species composition of different vegetation types, with specific symbiotic relationships observed between macrofungi and certain tree species.
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