Species of the Bee Subgenus Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Yunnan Province with Description of a New Species
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Keywords:
- Halictidae /
- Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) /
- new species /
- Yunnan Province
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淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) Curtis, 1833隶属膜翅目 (Hymenoptera) 细腰亚目 (Apocrita) 针尾部 (Aculeata) 蜜蜂总科 (Apoidea) 隧蜂科 (Halictidae) 淡脉隧蜂属 (Lasioglossum),是野生蜜蜂的重要组成部分,雌性成虫均采食花粉,是一类重要的传粉昆虫,生活方式具多态性。探明中国淡脉隧蜂的种类和分布,对传粉蜜蜂资源保护和利用具有重要的经济意义,并能为昆虫社会行为进化研究提供基础信息[1-2]。CUTIS在1833年建立淡脉隧蜂属,模式种为Lasiogolossum tricingulum Curtis, 1833[3]。MICHENER[4]记录了淡脉隧蜂属18亚属1210种,其中淡脉隧蜂亚属187种,分布于除澳洲界以外的5个世界动物地理界。中国淡脉隧蜂属分类研究起步较晚,近年来中国学者开始整理并记述中国淡脉隧蜂属种类,如吴燕如[5]、杨龙龙等[6]和范建国等[7-8]报道了中国淡脉隧蜂亚属9新种,张睿等[9-10]报道了中国淡脉隧蜂亚属2新种3新记录种,其中部分种类被德国学者EBMER[11]修订,其余中国已知种类多为外国学者发现和命名。白淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus)在MICHENER的分类系统中被视为淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum)的异名,因其雄性腹部第6节背板具有特别的毛簇以及无生殖刺突腹后突这一特征,并结合分子数据分析,部分学者同意将白淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) 从淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum)中移出,作为一个独立的亚属[4]。目前,世界已知淡脉隧蜂亚属187种,中国已知该亚属28种。淡脉隧蜂亚属区别于淡脉隧蜂属其他亚属的主要形态特征为:前翅第1径中横脉(1r-m)强如胫分横脉(Rs-a),第2径中横脉(2r-m)及第2回脉(2m-Cu)较弱;后足内侧胫节距具锯齿状齿或5齿以上梳状齿;雌性后足花粉篮发育成熟;通常腹部各节背板具基部毛带或两侧具毛斑;雄性外生殖器生殖基节长度约等于生殖突基节长度,为生殖刺突长度的1~1.5倍。
中国淡脉隧蜂属种类尚缺乏系统研究,云南省自然地理环境复杂多样,昆虫物种多样性丰富,探明云南省淡脉隧蜂亚属的种类能够推动中国隧蜂科的分类研究。由于在淡脉隧蜂雌性个体标本上,无明显的形态特征将白淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) 从淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum)中分出,因此本研究沿用MICHENER的分类系统,视白淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus)为淡脉隧蜂亚属Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum)的异名,对云南省淡脉隧蜂亚属种类进行整理和核实,编制已知种分种检索表,描述新种,绘制新种形态特征图。
1. 材料与方法
1.1 研究标本材料
研究标本主要来源于中国科学院北京动物研究所昆虫标本馆、云南农业大学植物保护学院昆虫标本室和红河学院生物科学与农学学院昆虫标本室。标本采集方法为扫网法、黄盘诱集法和马来氏网收集法。浸液标本通过回软、针插、整姿、定型和干燥等步骤制作为针插标本保存。
1.2 标本鉴定
在体视显微镜下,依据分类文献对标本逐一鉴定,确认已知种,发现并描述新种。
2. 结果与分析
2.1 云南淡脉隧蜂亚属已知种分种检索
云南淡脉隧蜂亚属已知种分种检索表
1. 触角12节(雌性)········································································································· 2
触角13节(雄性)········································································································ 15
2. 腹部第4节背板特化,基部中央具一半圆形片状突起··························································· ································································ 刺背淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) spinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991
腹部背板正常··············································································································· 3
3. 前胸背板两侧具角状突出······························································································· 4
前胸背板正常············································································································· 8
4. 并胸腹节背区中央呈三角形,具伸达端缘的网状皱······························································ ······························································· 冲绳淡脉隧L. (L.) okinawa Ebmer et Maeta, 1999
并胸腹节背区中央呈新月形,具伸达端缘的纵皱······························································· 5
5. 头部长度等于宽度;唇基强隆起;中胸盾片前缘二叶状突出,微翘;腹部各节背板端部无横压······ ································································ 小齿淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) denticolle (Morawitz, 1892)
头部长度不等于宽度;唇基中度隆起或微隆起;中胸盾片前缘不如上述;腹部各节背板端部具 横压·························································································································6
6. 头部长度小于宽度;唇基中度隆起,刻点斜刺状,刻点间连成纵沟;中胸盾片前缘二叶状微突,基 部具横皱;腹部第1节背板基部无刻点·················西部淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) occidens (Smith, 1873)
头部长度略大于宽度;中胸盾片基部无横皱;腹部第1节背板基部具刻点·························· 7
7. 唇基中度隆起,刻点斜刺状,刻点间连成纵沟;中胸盾片前缘微突;中胸盾片刻点间具革 状纹··········································· 角胸淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu et Zhu sp. nov.
唇基微隆起,刻点微斜刺状,刻点间不相连;中胸盾片前缘二叶状微突;中胸盾片仅基部刻点间具 革状纹··················································· 甘肃淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) kansuense (Blüthgen, 1934)
8. 中胸盾片基部具横皱;并胸腹节背区中央呈三角形,具伸达端缘的纵皱;腹部各节背板端部具 横压························································ 具皱淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) leucozonium (Schrank, 1781)
中胸盾片基部无横皱···································································································· 9
9. 并胸腹节背区中央呈三角形或端缘平截········································································· 10
并胸腹节背区中央呈新月形························································································· 11
10. 头部长度等于宽度;唇基扁平;并胸腹节背区中央呈三角形;腹部第1节背板均布刻点;腹部各节 背板无基部毛带或毛斑······································· 纪念淡脉隧蜂 L. (L.) charisterion Ebmer, 2002
头部长度大于宽度;唇基端缘微突出;并胸腹节背区中央端缘;腹部第1节背板基部无刻点;腹部 第2~3节背板基部两侧具基毛斑····································· 切淡脉隧蜂 L. (L.) excisum Ebmer, 1998
11. 腹部各节背板端部具横压····························································································· 12
腹部各节背板端部无横压·························································································· 13
12. 头部长度等于宽度;唇基刻点圆;中胸盾片刻点间距为刻点直径的0.5倍;腹部第2~4节背板刻点 间具细横纹····················································· 菲伯斯淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) phoebos Ebmer, 1978
头部长度小于宽度;唇基刻点微斜刺状;中胸盾片刻点间距为刻点直径的3~5倍;腹部第3~4节背 板刻点间具细横纹············································· 黑色淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) scoteinum Ebmer, 1998
13. 中胸盾片刻点密,几乎连成网状;并胸腹节背区具不伸达端缘的纵皱;腹部第1节背板基部及端部 无刻点·················································· 褐毛淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) ochreohirtum (Blüthgen, 1934)
中胸盾片刻点间距大于刻点直径的0.5倍;并胸腹节背区具伸达端缘的纵皱或不规则皱;腹部第 1节背板基部无刻点································································································ 14
14. 头部长度小于宽度;唇基刻点微斜刺状,刻点间不相连;并胸腹节背区具伸达端缘的纵皱··· ···································································· 黄毛淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) flavohirtum Ebmer, 2002
头部长度等于宽度;唇基刻点斜刺状,刻点间连成纵沟;并胸腹节背区具伸达端缘的不规则皱··· ················································································ 丽莎淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) lisa Ebmer, 1998
15. 并胸腹节背区中央呈三角形························· 具皱淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) leucozonium (Schrank, 1781)
并胸腹节背区中央呈新月形·························································································· 16
16. 并胸腹节背区具伸达端缘的网状皱······················刺背淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) spinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991
并胸腹节背区具伸达端缘的纵皱················································································· 17
17. 中胸盾片前缘呈二叶状,微翘;腹部各节背板无横压····························································· ···································································· 小齿淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) denticolle (Morawitz, 1892)
中胸盾片前缘呈二叶状,平直;腹部各节背板具横压························································· 18
18. 头部长度大于宽度;头部宽度大于胸部宽度;唇基端部无横条状斑······································ ··································································· 甘肃淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) kansuense (Blüthgen, 1934)
头部长度小于宽度;头部宽度小于胸部宽度;唇基端部具横条状斑··································· ········································································· 西部淡脉隧蜂L. (L.) occidens (Smith, 1873)
2.2 云南淡脉隧蜂亚属种类记述
2.2.1 角胸淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu et Zhu sp. nov.
观察标本:正模:1♀,河北小五台山西台1300~2300 m,1964-VI-21,王春光;副模:1♀,河北小五台山西台1300~2300 m,1964-VI-21,韩寅恒;4♀♀,云南省红河州蒙自市红河学院,2019-X-18,张睿;4♀♀,云南省红河州蒙自市石榴庄园,2019-X-6-22,张睿(3♀♀)、代宏福(1♀);1♀,云南省红河州蒙自市五大中心,2018-VI-10,张睿;5♀♀,云南省红河州蒙自市红河学院,2019-Ⅸ-20,代宏福;1♀,云南省红河州蒙自市石榴庄园,2019-Ⅲ-23,代宏福。
分布:中国(云南、河北)。
种名词源:种本名学名“cerothoracicum”来源于希腊词源“cer- (具角的)”和“thoracicum (胸的)”,意指该种前胸背板两侧具角状突起。
注:模式标本保存于中国科学院北京动物研究所昆虫标本馆。
雄性未知。
2.2.2 纪念淡脉隧蜂 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) charisterion Ebmer, 2002
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) charisterion Ebmer, 2002: 828, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Yulongshan, Baishui; Biologiezentrum Linz[12].
分布:中国(云南)。
注:种本名学名“charisterion (纪念的)”,意为纪念及感谢所有的收藏家,现用中名据定名人本意新拟。
雄性未知。
本研究未收集到该种标本。
2.2.3 小齿淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) denticolle (Morawitz, 1892)
Halictus denticollis Morawitz, 1892: 145, ♀. Lectotype: ♀, Russia, Minussinsk; designated by Pesenko (1986: 139); ZISP [13].
Halictus glycybromifer Strand, 1915: 67, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Tsingtau (China, Qingdao); DEI. Synonymized by Blüthgen (1931: 211) [14].
Halictus laevifrons Blüthgen, 1923: 324, ♀. Lectotype: ♀, Russia, Siberia; designated by Pesenko (2006: 152); IZK. Synonymized by Blüthgen (1934: 300) [15].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) denticolle Ebmer, 1978b: 198 [16].
观察标本:2♀♀2♂♂,云南省大理市大理古城石门村,2017-VIII-17-18,张睿;5♀♀,内蒙古乌兰察布盟,2009-VII-30,张睿;1♀,黑龙江笔架山,1962-VII-17,陈太鲁;1♀,北京香山,1983-IX-22,范建国;1♀,山东泰山,1973-VI-6,王淑芳;1♀,云南中甸下桥头1800 m,1984-VIII-6,范建国;1♀,北京八达岭,1962-VIII-6,王书永;1♀,北京紫竹院,1961-VIII-11,戈素梅;1♀,北京八达岭,1987-IX-4,范建国;2♀♀,北京鹫峰,1987-VIII-25,孟珊;1♀,北京,1936-X-24;1♀,北京,1936-V-23;1♀,河南内乡夏馆,1998-VII-11,史永善;4♂♂,北京卧佛寺,1981-IX-10-18,周勤(3♂♂)、周士秀(1♂);1♂,河北小五台山1200 m,1964-VIII-28,韩寅恒。
分布:中国(云南、内蒙古、北京、山东、河北、河南、吉林、黑龙江),韩国,朝鲜,俄罗斯。
注:种本名学名“denticolle (牙齿的)”,现用中名据此新拟。
2.2.4 切淡脉隧蜂 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) excisum Ebmer, 1998
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) excisum Ebmer, 1998: 404, ♀♂. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Heishui; Lectotype: Biologiezentrum Linz. ♂, Britisches Museum London [11].
观察标本:2♀♀,云南丽江黑水,1992-VII-19,中国科学院北京动物研究所。
分布:中国(云南),缅甸,锡金。
注:种本名学名“excisum (斧砍的)”,现用中名据词义新拟。
本研究未发现该种雄性。
2.2.5 黄毛淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) flavohirtum Ebmer, 2002
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) flavohirtum Ebmer, 2002: 834, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, Tian Sheng Qiao; Biologiezentrum Linz[12].
观察标本:1♀,云南大理点苍山云弄峰,2009-IV-8,张睿。
分布:中国(云南)。
注:种本名学名“flavohirtum (黄毛的)”,现用中名据此新拟。
雄性未知。
2.2.6 甘肃淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) kansuense (Blüthgen, 1934)
Halictus zonulus kansuensis Blüthgen, 1934: 7, ♀♂. Holotype: ♀♂, China: Shaanxi, Gansu; NRS[15].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) esoense Hirashima et Sakagami, 1966: 673, ♀♂. Holotype: ♀, Japan: Sapporo; KUF. Synonymized by Ebmer (1978a: 197) [17].
观察标本:1♀,云南丽江玉湖2750 m,1984-VII-23,范建国;1♀,四川德格3200 m,1983-VII-6,张学忠;1♀,四川汶川卧龙1920 m,1983-VII-23,王书永;1♀,四川泸定新宾1860~1920 m,1983-VI-13,张学忠;1♀,甘肃文县邱家坝,1998-VII-29,袁德成;1♀,吉林长白山750 m,1987-VII-9, 范建国; 1♀, 陕西宁峡火地塘1580 m,1998-VII-27,袁德成;3♀♀,湖北利川800 m,1989-VII-21,杨龙龙;1♀,湖北利川星斗山800 m,1989-VII-22, 杨龙龙; 1♀, 贵州雷山雷公山1600 m,1988-VI-29,殷蕙芳;1♀,北京鹫峰,1987-VIII-25,孟珊;1♀,西藏波密奇贡2300 m,1983-VIII-23,韩寅恒;1♀,福建龙岩江山乡,1996-IX-13,刘虹;1♀,云南西双版纳勐仑580 m,1994-III-27,杨龙龙;2♀♀,四川巫山梨子坪1870 m,1993-VII-4,黄润质;1♀,河南内乡1360 m,1998-VII-14,胡学友;1♀,福建黄岗山,1980-VI-22,齐石成;1♀,福建黄岗山,1982-VI-28,江凡;2♂♂,西藏察雅吉塘3200 m,1976-IX-16,韩寅恒;1♂,四川理县米亚罗2700 m,1983-VIII-12,张学忠;1♂,四川巴塘义敦3600 m,1982-VIII-16,张学忠;1♂,四川松潘黄龙寺3000 m,1983-IX-9,张学忠。
分布:中国(云南、四川、吉林、陕西、湖北、贵州、北京、西藏、福建、河南、甘肃、新疆、河北、山东、上海、江西),朝鲜,日本,韩国,俄罗斯,蒙古。
注:种本名学名“kansuense (甘肃的)”,意指该种模式标本的产地为中国甘肃,现用中名据此新拟。
2.2.7 具皱淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) leucozonium (Schrank, 1781)
Apis leucozonium Schrank, 1781: 406, ♀♂. Sytype: Austria: Vienna; lost. Synonymized by Warncke (1973a: 24) [18].
Halictus satschauensis Blüthgen, 1934: 145, ♀♂. Lectotype: China: Dunhuang, Gansu. designated by Pesenko (1986: 142); ZISP [13].
Lasioglossum satschauense mandschuricum Ebmer, 1978a: 199, ♀♂. Holotype: China: Heilongjiang, Harbin; EMB. Synonymized by Pesenko (2006: 133) [19].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) zonulum xylopedis Ebmer, 1978b: 43, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Iran: Nowshar; EBM. Synonymized by Warncke (1981: 112) [20].
观察标本:3♀♀,云南丽江2400 m,1982-V-2,王林瑶;2♀♀,新疆莎车达木斯1800 m,1987-VII-25,张学忠;1♀,新疆塔什库尔干3000 m,1987-VIII-11,张学忠;1♀,云南丽江,1974-V-14,廖定熹;1♀,新疆沙稚塔里木河,1974-VII-9,刘举鹏。3♀♀,内蒙古清水河,1989-VI-15,徐环李;1♀,北京百花山1200 m,1973-V-30,史永善;1♀,河北兴隆,1963-VII-5,陈太鲁; 4♂♂,内蒙古乌蒙四子王旗,1971-VII-23;1♂,辽宁沈阳北陵,1987-VII-27,范建国。
分布:中国(云南、新疆、内蒙古、北京、河北、辽宁、黑龙江)、英国、荷兰、波兰、卢森堡、法国、西班牙、比利时、芬兰、瑞典、瑞士、德国、意大利、奥地利、丹麦、斯洛伐克、波希米亚、匈牙利、阿富汗、摩拉维亚、马其顿、前南斯拉夫、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、希腊、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、土耳其、突尼斯、伊朗、俄罗斯、蒙古等国家和地区。
注:种本名学名“leucozonium (具皱的)”,现用中名据此新拟。
2.2.8 丽莎淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) lisa Ebmer, 1998
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) lisa Ebmer, 1998: 404, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Shaanxi, Ganguyi; Biologiezentrum Linz[11]. Ebmer, 2002: 831, ♂, China, Shaanxi, Xian; Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux [12].
观察标本:2♀♀,云南省红河州蒙自市石榴庄园,2019-Ⅲ-16-23,张睿;1♀,云南省红河州蒙自市红河学院,2019-Ⅸ-20,代宏福; 1♀,甘肃文县邱家坝2000~2350 m,1998-VI-29,袁德成。
分布:中国(云南、陕西、山西、甘肃)。
注:种本名学名“lisa [ 丽莎(女名)]”,现用中名据此新拟。
本研究未发现该种雄性。
2.2.9 西部淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) occidens (Smith, 1873)
Halictus occidens Smith, 1873: 200, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Japan: Honshu; BML[21].
Halictus quadraticollis Vachal, 1903: 129, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Japan: Honshu; MNP; Synonymized by Blüthgen (1926c: 348) [21].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) koreanum Ebmer, 1978c: 309, Fig 1, 3. ♀♂. Holotype: ♂, North Korea: Pyongyan; HNB. Synonymized by Pesenko (2006: 133) [19].
观察标本:3♀♀,内蒙古乌兰察布盟,2009-VII-30,张睿;7♀♀,四川峨眉山护国寺550~750 m,1964-V-20-22,吴燕如;1♀,四川峨眉山,1964-IV-21,吴燕如; 1♀,四川峨眉山伏虎寺,1964-V-15,吴燕如;1♀,四川峨眉山,1955-VI-7,黄克仁; 4♀♀,四川万县王二包1200 m,1994-V-28-30,姚建(3♀♀)、杨星科(1♀);1♀,四川万县王二包1200 m,1993-VII-10,姚建; 1♀,四川万县王二包1200 m,1994-VI-3,杨星科; 1♀,西藏墨脱背崩850 m,1983-V-23,韩寅恒;1♀,河南西峡太平,1998-VII-17,史永善;1♀,河南内乡夏馆,1998-VII-11,史永善;1♀,云南西双版纳勐仑580 m,1994-IV-11,杨龙龙;1♀,湖北兴山龙门河1300 m,1994-V-8,章有为;1♂,贵州江口梵净山550 m,1988-VII-14,章有为;1♂,贵州九连山,1975-VI-14,章有为;1♂,西藏墨脱,1974-IX-3,黄复生;1♂,西藏墨脱背崩850 m,1983-VI-19,韩寅恒;1♂,贵州石阡金星700 m,1988-VII-24,杨龙龙。
分布:中国(云南、四川、内蒙古、河南、西藏、湖北、贵州、上海、福建、广东、浙江、江西、台湾),日本,韩国,俄罗斯,朝鲜。
注:种本名学名“occidens (西部的)”,意指该种模式标本的产地为中国西部地区,现用中名据此新拟。
2.2.10 褐毛淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) ochreohirtum (Blüthgen, 1934)
Halictus ochreohirtum Blüthgen, 1934: 7, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China: Gansu; NRS [15].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) ochreohirtum (Blüthgen, 1934), ♂. Lectotype: China: Sichuan, Sunpan, designated by Pesenko (2006: 149); ZISP[19].
观察标本:1♀,西藏察门古井3200 m,1973-VI-19,黄复生;1♀,西藏亚东阿桑村,1975-VI-1,黄复生;1♀,云南中甸大雪山垭口4000 m,1981-VIII-15,张学忠。
分布:中国(甘肃、四川、西藏、云南)。
注:种本名学名“ochreohirtum (红褐色的+有毛的)”,现用中文名据此新拟。
本研究未发现该种雄性。
2.2.11 冲绳淡脉隧Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) okinawa Ebmer et Maeta, 1999
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) okinawa Ebmer et Maeta, 1999: 230, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Japan: Okinawa; Maeta Shimane University [22].
观察标本:1♀,云南西双版纳勐仑580 m,1994-III-30,陈小琳;1♀,云南西双版纳勐仑580 m,1994-III-27,徐环李;1♀,云南西双版纳勐仑580 m,1994-VI-13,陈小琳。
分布:中国(云南),日本。
注:现用中名采自张睿等(2011)。
雄性未知。
2.2.12 菲伯斯淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) phoebos Ebmer, 1978
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) phoebos Ebmer, 1978c: 94, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China: Tiber, Gyantse[23]; MNB.; Ebmer, 2002: 832, ♂. Lectotype: China: Tibet, Lhasa, Samai. Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux[12].
观察标本:1♀,云南省红河州屏边县白云乡,2019-VII-12,张睿; 5♀♀,西藏日喀则3800 m,1961-V-17-20,王林瑶。
分布:中国(云南、西藏)。
注:种本名学名“phoebos [ 菲伯斯(人名)]”,现用中名据此新拟。
本研究未发现该种雄性。
2.2.13 黑色淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) scoteinum Ebmer, 1998
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) scoteinum Ebmer, 1998: 399, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongshan, Bai Shui; Biologiezentrum Linz [11].
观察标本:1♀,云南省曲靖市陆良县龙海乡,2019-VIII-7,张睿;1♀,西藏波密奇贡1450 m,1983-V-10,韩寅恒;3♀♀,西藏西子湖1450 m,1983-V-11,韩寅恒。
分布:中国(云南、西藏)。
注:种本名学名“scoteinum [ 黑凫(鸟名)]”,意指该种体色黑色,现用中名据此新拟。
雄性未知。
2.2.14 刺背淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) spinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) spinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991: 89, ♀♂. Holotype: ♀♂, China, Yunnan, Yongsheng; IOZ [9].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) pseudospinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991: 91, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Sichuan, Wenchuan; IOZ. Synonymized by Ebmer (1998: 395) [11].
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) yunnanense Fan et Wu, 1991: 92, ♀. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna; IOZ. Synonymized by Ebmer (1998: 395) [11].
观察标本:1♀,云南省红河州屏边县白云乡,2019-VII-12,张睿; 5♀♀,湖南桑植天平山700~1450 m,1988-VIII-13-15,杨龙龙;1♀,云南永胜禄德2400 m,1984-VII-10,范建国;1♀,云南版纳勐龙勐宋1600 m,1955-IV-22,陈之梓; 1♀1♂,贵州雷山雷公山1600 m,1988-VI-29,杨龙龙。1♀,四川汶川映秀900 m,1983-VIII-3,张学忠; 2♀♀,湖北鹤峰分水岭1500 m,1989-VII-31,杨龙龙;1♀,湖北鹤峰分水岭1400 m,1989-VIII-1,杨龙龙;1♀,贵州雷山雷公山1170 m,1988-VII-3,王书永;1♀,贵州雷山雷公山1100 m,1988-VII-3,杨龙龙。
分布:中国(云南、湖南、贵州、四川、湖北),缅甸。
注:现用中名采自范建国等(1991)。
2.3 角胸淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu et Zhu sp. nov.形态特征描述(图1)
图 1 角胸淡脉隧蜂 (♀)注:a. 头,正面观;b. 头,侧面观;c. 触角,侧面观;d. 并胸腹节,背面观;e. 前胸背板及中胸盾片前缘,背面观。头长∶头宽=66∶63;两后单眼间距∶后单眼与复眼间距∶中单眼直径=2∶2∶1;复眼眶上部间距∶复眼眶最大间距∶复眼眶下部间距= 41∶44∶32;触角柄节长度∶触角梗节长度∶触角鞭节第1节长度∶触角鞭节第2节长度∶触角鞭节第3节长度=28∶4∶4∶5∶6;触角鞭节第1节长度∶触角鞭节第1节宽度=4∶5;小盾片长度∶后胸背板长度∶并胸腹节背区长度=16∶11∶11。比例尺=1 mm。Figure 1. Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu etZhu sp. nov. (♀) Note: a. frontal view of head; b. lateral view of head; c. lateral view of antennal; d. dorsal view of propodeal dorsum; e. dorsal view of pronotum and anterior margin of mesoscutum. HL∶HW=66∶63; IOD∶OOD∶Od=2∶2∶1; UOD∶MOD∶LOD=41∶44∶32; scape L∶pedicel L∶F1L∶F2L∶F3L=28∶4∶4∶5∶6; F1L∶F1W=4∶5; STL∶MTL∶PDL=16∶11∶11. Scale bar =1 mm.雌:体长9~9.5 mm。体黑色;上颚端部红褐色;触角鞭节及足跗节褐色;翅脉浅褐色;翅透明;体毛浅黄色;后胸盾片被长黄色毛;腹部2~4节背板具乳黄色毛带,第2节背板毛带常中断;腹部各节背板被黑褐色短毛。
头:头部长度略大于宽度;头部宽度略大于胸部宽度;唇基隆起,刻点斜刺状,端部及中部刻点间连成纵沟,基部刻点间距为刻点直径的0.5倍,刻点间光滑,具光泽;额唇基区刻点圆,刻点间距为刻点直径的0.25倍,刻点间具革状纹;额区及头顶密生刻点,刻点间距约为刻点直径的0.25倍或更小,刻点间略具革状纹,具光泽;侧面观,颊与复眼几乎等宽。
胸:前胸背板两侧具角状突起;中胸盾片前缘中央微突出,刻点间距约为刻点直径的0.25~0.5倍,刻点间具革状纹;小盾片刻点间距为刻点直径的0.25倍;并胸腹节背区中央呈新月形,具伸达端缘的纵皱,皱间光滑,具光泽。
腹:腹部背板端部具横压;腹部第1节背板基部及端部刻点间距为刻点直径的0.5倍,中部刻点间距等于刻点直径,刻点间略具革状纹;第2~4节背板刻点间距约为刻点直径的0.5~1倍,刻点间具细横纹,具革状纹。
雄:未知。
该种与L. (L.) phoebos Ebmer, 1978为近缘种,区别于后者的特征有:体几乎无光泽,刻点较密;唇基隆起,刻点斜刺状,几乎连成纵沟;前胸背板两侧具角状突起;中胸盾片前缘中央微突出,但不呈二叶状;并胸腹节较短;腹部背板端部具横压。
3. 讨论
本研究记述了云南省淡脉隧蜂亚属14种,其中纪念淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) charisterion Ebmer, 2002]、 切淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) excisum Ebmer, 1998]、黄毛淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) flavohirtum Ebmer, 2002]和冲绳淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) okinawa Ebmer et Maeta, 1999] 4种为云南特有种,褐毛淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) ochreohirtum (Blüthgen, 1934)]、菲伯斯淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) phoebos Ebmer, 1978]和黑色淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) scoteinum Ebmer, 1998] 3种仅分布于西藏和云南, 角胸淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) cerothoracicum sp. nov.]仅分布于河北和云南,刺背淡脉隧蜂[L. (L.) spinodorsum Fan et Wu, 1991]分布于中国长江以南地区,其余5种为中国广布种。
从对国内淡脉隧蜂标本的采集和检视情况看,淡脉隧蜂在蜜蜂总科中属于短喙类,善于采访开放性花朵,筑巢时间一般与其采访植物的盛花期吻合,种群消长与其采访植物关系密切。因此通过分析已有标本采集信息及其采访植物生长、分布情况制定采集计划,有利于完善淡脉隧蜂标本的收集。目前,淡脉隧蜂属中大量已知种类均为外国学者发现和定名,中国尚缺少系统的种类研究。中国地域辽阔,横跨古北、东洋两大动物地理界,云南省地处中国西南,生态环境复杂多样,动植物资源丰富,昆虫分类工作大有可为。
4. 结论
本研究共记述云南省淡脉隧蜂亚属14种,其中包括1新种:角胸淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu et Zhu sp. nov.。对新种进行详细的形态特征描述并绘制特征图,编制云南省淡脉隧蜂亚属已知种类分种检索表,基本探明了云南省该亚属的种类和分布,研究结果可为中国隧蜂科的分类研究提供依据和参考,同时为野生蜜蜂资源的保护和利用奠定基础,具有重要的理论价值。
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图 1 角胸淡脉隧蜂 (♀)
注:a. 头,正面观;b. 头,侧面观;c. 触角,侧面观;d. 并胸腹节,背面观;e. 前胸背板及中胸盾片前缘,背面观。头长∶头宽=66∶63;两后单眼间距∶后单眼与复眼间距∶中单眼直径=2∶2∶1;复眼眶上部间距∶复眼眶最大间距∶复眼眶下部间距= 41∶44∶32;触角柄节长度∶触角梗节长度∶触角鞭节第1节长度∶触角鞭节第2节长度∶触角鞭节第3节长度=28∶4∶4∶5∶6;触角鞭节第1节长度∶触角鞭节第1节宽度=4∶5;小盾片长度∶后胸背板长度∶并胸腹节背区长度=16∶11∶11。比例尺=1 mm。
Figure 1. Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) cerothoracicum Zhang, Niu et
Zhu sp. nov. (♀) Note: a. frontal view of head; b. lateral view of head; c. lateral view of antennal; d. dorsal view of propodeal dorsum; e. dorsal view of pronotum and anterior margin of mesoscutum. HL∶HW=66∶63; IOD∶OOD∶Od=2∶2∶1; UOD∶MOD∶LOD=41∶44∶32; scape L∶pedicel L∶F1L∶F2L∶F3L=28∶4∶4∶5∶6; F1L∶F1W=4∶5; STL∶MTL∶PDL=16∶11∶11. Scale bar =1 mm.
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