Genetic Diversity Analysis of Three Indigenous Chicken Populations in Yunnan Using mtDNA D-loop Sequences

Taliu black-boned chicken,Lanping silky chicken and Wuding chicken are excellent indigenous chicken resources in the northwestern and central areas of Yunnan Province,China.In this study,the population variations and genetic diversity of the three indigenous chicken populations were analysed by adopting mtDNA as maternal genetic markers.A total of 33 nucleotide variable sites were identified in Taliu black-boned chicken that defined 16 haplotype.The haplotype diversity was 0.8550.036,nucleotide diversity was 0.017 150.000 58 and the average genetic distance was 0.0180.004 in this population.In Lanping silky chicken,18 nucleotide mutation sites were discovered,which defined 7 haplotype.The haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and average genetic distance were 0.5450.079,0.004 650.001 29 and 0.0050.001 in this chicken,respectively.There were altogether 36 nucleotide mutation sites found in Wuding chicken,which determined 26 haplotype.The haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and average genetic distance within the population were 0.9220.018,0.015 340.000 80,0.0160.003,severally.Median-joining network profiles of the haplotype indicated that Taliu black-boned chicken and Wuding chicken all contained six maternal lineages,A,B,E,F,G and H.However,constituent ratios of the lineages were significantly different.Such as,the proportion of A,B,E,F,G and H lineage was 35.19%,5.55%,5.5%,16.67%,27.78%,9.26% in Taliu black-boned chicken,but the percentage of A,B,E,F,G and H lineages of Wuding chicken was 34.72%,22.22%,12.50%,12.50%,15.28%,2.78%.Lanping silky chicken only contained A,F,G lineages which accounted for 2.13%,89.36%,8.51%,respectively.The ratio of indigenous chicken blood was 97.87% which mainly consisted of F lineage.The results revealed that a larger genetic divergence existed among three indigenous chicken populations.Variations in Taliu black-boned chicken and Wuding chicken were rich.Variation in Lanping silky chicken was relatively poor,but its matrilineal genetic composition was unique.The results of this study support that the argument of multiple maternal origins for chicken.