Purpose To explore the effects of different water and nitrogen patterns on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and tomato yield in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley tomato fields, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen resources in valley regions.
Methods Using tomato cultivar ‘Labi’ as the research subject, a two-factor experiment was conducted with different irrigation levels (4469.10, 3098.70, and 2581.00 m3/hm2, marking as W1, W2, and W3, respectively) and nitrogen application amount (0, 150, and 180 kg/hm2, marking as N1, N2, and N3, respectively). The effects of water and nitrogen patterns on soil nutrients carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), soil enzyme activities (cellulase, urease, acid phosphatase , and catalase), and yield were analyzed.
Results Under different water and nitrogen patterns, significant differences were observed in soil C, N, and P contents; specifically, the soil nutrient contents were relatively higher at the N2 level. The interaction between water and nitrogen improved soil nutrients, thereby exerting a significant influence on soil enzyme activities and tomato yield. At the N2 level, soil enzyme activities (excepting cellulase under W2) and tomato yield under all irrigation conditions reached peak values. The W2N2 treatment exhibited the highest soil enzyme activities (excepting cellulase), with tomato yield increasing by 6.78%-92.45% compared to other treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that urease, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and total nitrogen were extremely significantly positively correlated with yield.
Conclusion In the Yuanmou dry-hot valley region, the water-nitrogen combination with an irrigation level of 3098.70 m3/hm2 and a nitrogen application amount of 150 kg/hm2 can synergistically improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and it is the optimal management mode for achieving high tomato yield and enhancing soil fertility.
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