Purpose To investigate the effects of crop rotation on soil bacterial diversity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and pH, providing a scientific basis for optimizing and promoting rotation systems under diverse ecological conditions.
Methods A total of 106 published articles were screened, and 325 sets of valid field data were extracted for Meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of different climatic conditions, crop rotation patterns, rotation duration, soil types, and soil properties on soil bacterial diversity, SOC, and pH.
Results Crop rotation significantly increased soil bacterial diversity indices (Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1 index, and ACE index) and SOC content. Under suitable temperature condition (10-20 ℃) and moderate precipitation condition (500-1000 mm), the increase in bacterial diversity was most significant; under high temperature (≥20 ℃) and high humidity (precipitation≥1500 mm) conditions, the SOC accumulation effect was stronger. In different crop rotation patterns, the soil bacterial Chao1 index and SOC of the Gramineae-Leguminosae system showed the largest increase, at 13.42% and 37.55%, respectively. When the rotation duration exceeded six years, both SOC and Shannon index showed the greatest improvements. Initial soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the effect sizes of bacterial Shannon index, Chao1 index, and SOC, and significantly negatively correlated with the effect size of soil pH; initial SOM content was significantly positively correlated with the effect size of SOC content, and significantly negatively correlated with the effect size of bacterial Chao1 index; initial total nitrogen content of soil was significantly negatively correlated with the effect sizes of bacterial Shannon index and SOC content.
Conclusion Crop rotation demonstrates significant advantages in improving microbial structure and promoting organic carbon accumulation, with good soil improvement effects and high regional promotion value.
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