Purpose To investigate the synergistic effects of combined application of biofertilizers and selenium-rich organic fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max) yield formation and quality enhancement, and to screen the optimal combination.
Methods Using soybean cultivar Longzhonghuang 605 as test crop, three combined application treatments were conducted: selenium-rich organic fertilizer combined with biofertilizers containing Bacillus velezensis GB03 (Se+G), Pseudomonas rhizovicinus M30-35 (Se+M), and P. brassicacearum F1-P7 (Se+R). At the same time, the treatment of single application of selenium-rich organic fertilizer (Se) was set, and the control received neither selenium-rich fertilizer nor biofertilizer. Plant yield, yield-related indices, and seed nutritional quality indices were systematically measured.
Results Compared with the Se treatment, the application of selenium-rich organic fertilizer combined with biofertilizer could improve the grain weight per plant by 6.3%-30.2%, the 100-grain weight by 24.4%-32.6%, the number of fruit pods per plant by 35.0%-42.1%, and the yield by 23.0%-32.8%, significantly; the selenium content of grain increased by 7.6%-20.4%, and key nutritional components (amino acid, free fatty acid and crude protein) were significantly increased. The comprehensive evaluation by entropy weight method showed that the scores of Se+G, Se+R and Se+M treatments were 0.53, 0.57 and 0.65, respectively, which were all higher than that of Se treatment (0.46). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the selenium content of grain was highly significantly positively correlated with the amino acid content.
Conclusion The combined application of biofertilizer and selenium-rich organic fertilizer can synergistically improve the yield and nutritional quality of soybean, among which the Se+M treatment shows the best performance in quality improvement.
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