Purpose To study the adaptability, disease occurrence, and the main pathogenic of four traditional Chinese medicines, including Amomum villosum, Alpinia oxyphylla, Milettia speciosa, and Polygonatum kingianum under rubber forest.
Methods The adaptability evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines under rubber forest was conducted through field investigations of growth indicators, survival rate statistics, and soil physicochemical property analysis. Diseases types were surveyed, and the main pathogens causing the disease of the aboveground parts of traditional Chinese medicines were determined, combining with the isolation and culture of potential pathogens, morphological identification, multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and Koch’s rule.
Results The adaptability of A. villosum, A. oxyphylla and M. speciosa under rubber forest was stronger. Under the rubber forest, planting traditional Chinese medicines could increase the content of soil organic matter and reduce the content of some heavy metal ions. The period from July to November was the peak of the disease on the leaves of P. kingianum, A. oxyphylla and A. villosum. The main pathogen of P. kingianum leaf disease was Colletotrichum siamense; the main pathogen of A. villosum and A. oxyphylla was Neopestalotiopsis clavispora; and the main pathogen of M. speciosa was Clonostachys pseudochroleuca. The support rates for the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the three pathogens were 92%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Among them, the infection of C. siamense on P. kingianum and the infection of C. pseudochroleuca on M. speciosa were the first reported.
Conclusion Of the four traditional Chinese medicines, it is feasible to carry out the cultivation of A. villosum, A. oxyphylla and M. speciosa under the Hainan rubber forest, but the occurrence and risk of new diseases of these varieties in the new habitat should be concerned.
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