Dynamics, Spatial Distribution and Sampling Techniques of Honeysuckle Aphid Populations

Purpose To clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of honeysuckle aphids and their relationships with phenological periods and natural enemies, and to establish optimal theoretical and sequential sampling models, providing a scientific basis for field forecasting and effective control.

Methods The population densities of alate aphids and their natural enemies during different phenological stages of honeysuckle were monitored using yellow sticky cards. Using a checkerboard sampling method, aphid densities were investigated at five orientations on the honeysuckle plants. The spatial distribution pattern of the aphids was then analyzed based on six aggregation indices and four regression models. Additionally, the causes of aggregation and optimal theoretical sampling number were determined.

Results During the occurrence period, the dominant alate aphid species was Semiaphis heraclei, with minor populations of Amphicercidus sinilonicericola, Myzus persicae, and Aphis gossypii. Predatory ladybirds were the primary natural enemies, followed by lacewings, aphid parasitoids, and spiders. The bud stage was the primary peak for alate aphids, with a secondary peak during the fruit expansion stage. Natural enemies exhibited a significant lag effect relative to aphid populations. Aggregation indices and regression analysis indicated that aphids were distributed in an aggregated pattern during the shoot emergence and bud stages, with no significant differences in densities among different plant orientations. Environmental factors were the key drivers of this aggregation. The optimal theoretical sampling model was N=3.8416/D²(−0.0001m²+0.0108m). With a control threshold of 10 aphids/branch, the sequential sampling formula was T(n)=10 n \pm 61.98 \sqrtn.

Conclusion The shoot growth and bud stages are the outbreak periods for honeysuckle aphids, during which populations exhibit an aggregated distribution. The established models provide an important theoretical basis for population monitoring and precision control.