Purpose As a key metabolic hormone, leptin is recognized not only for regulating appetite and energy balance, but also for its significant influence on male reproductive health. This paper reviews the involvement of leptin in testicular function, spermatogenesis, steroid biosynthesis, and related signaling pathways, summarizing and assessing recent research progress regarding the role of leptin in the regulation of male reproduction, providing a reference for future research and clinical applications, as well as theoretical support for livestock breeding and selection in animal husbandry.
Methods A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to retrieve literature on the relationship between leptin and male reproduction published in recent years. Based on criteria concerning the relevance of subjects, methods, and findings, 62 representative articles were included for comprehensive analysis.
Results Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating male reproductive hormone levels, enhancing spermatogenesis, and maintaining testicular function via its receptor . Optimal leptin concentration can improve sperm motility and quality, whereas excessive levels may impair testicular function. Furthermore, leptin resistance, which is often associated with obesity, is closely linked to declined reproductive capacity, likely involving mechanisms such as impaired leptin signaling pathways and the dysregulation of related molecules.
Conclusion Leptin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of male reproduction. Changes in its concentration and the regulation of its signaling pathways are critical for maintaining normal reproductive functions. Leptin resistance is a significant factor contributing to reduced fertility in obese males. Future research should further explore the fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms of leptin in reproductive health and develop therapeutic strategies targeting leptin resistance to ameliorate obesity-related reproductive issues.
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