Abstract: After the promulgation of the No. 1 Central Document in 2012, rural land transfer has been carried out rapidly throughout the country. With the implementation of land transfer policy, the trend of large-scale management of rural land is irreversible. The policy of land transfer, as an administrative task of government contracting at different levels, is implemented by village cadres at the final stage. However, shortly after the implementation of the land transfer policy, a new rural governance crisis emerged unexpectedly. This governance crisis is the phenomenon of elite capture and interest collusion in the process of land transfer. These two phenomena damage the interests of ordinary villagers, weaken the enthusiasm of villagers to participate in village governance, and lead to further semi-acquaintance and atomization of villagers. Through on-the-spot investigation, this paper explains the reasons for the phenomenon of elite capture and interest collusion, and puts forward pertinent suggestions on strengthening external supervision, reconstructing supervision mechanism, improving villagers' autonomy, enhancing villagers' ability to participate in politics, and strengthening the level of rule of law, rule of virtue and the construction of a clean and honest party conduct in rural areas.